1 00:00:01,380 --> 00:00:05,140 Our world is undergoing profound change. 2 00:00:05,140 --> 00:00:08,490 Science and technology are transforming our lives 3 00:00:08,490 --> 00:00:09,850 with dizzying speed. 4 00:00:10,720 --> 00:00:13,420 Astonishing innovations are ushering in 5 00:00:13,420 --> 00:00:15,310 a new era of opportunity. 6 00:00:16,730 --> 00:00:19,670 The high tech revolution is fueling creativity 7 00:00:19,670 --> 00:00:23,740 around the globe, inspiring visionary solutions. 8 00:00:26,060 --> 00:00:30,080 So open your eyes and get ready for an amazing journey 9 00:00:30,080 --> 00:00:32,970 to 2050, to dream the future. 10 00:00:34,285 --> 00:00:36,785 (light music) 11 00:00:53,548 --> 00:00:56,131 (upbeat music) 12 00:00:59,460 --> 00:01:01,690 We love to throw things away. 13 00:01:02,960 --> 00:01:07,060 Food, broken appliances, old clothes. 14 00:01:09,028 --> 00:01:11,490 Each year all the human beings on Earth 15 00:01:11,490 --> 00:01:14,902 produce 15 billion tons of waste when you include 16 00:01:14,902 --> 00:01:18,960 household waste, agricultural waste, building, 17 00:01:18,960 --> 00:01:21,250 civil engineering and industrial waste. 18 00:01:23,270 --> 00:01:26,330 That represents two tons per inhabitant per year. 19 00:01:28,570 --> 00:01:31,110 Half of global waste is produced 20 00:01:31,110 --> 00:01:32,650 by the richest countries. 21 00:01:33,540 --> 00:01:37,450 We produce, consume and dispose. 22 00:01:39,200 --> 00:01:43,500 150 million tons of plastic floats in our seas. 23 00:01:44,470 --> 00:01:49,280 And gigantic dumps pollute even the most remote spots. 24 00:01:49,280 --> 00:01:52,410 Not to mention, toxic nuclear waste. 25 00:01:57,398 --> 00:02:00,148 (dramatic music) 26 00:02:05,160 --> 00:02:08,870 Only a radical change can avoid the darkest outcome. 27 00:02:19,249 --> 00:02:20,082 Hold on. 28 00:02:21,715 --> 00:02:25,380 I think what's been happening with waste and trash 29 00:02:25,380 --> 00:02:28,500 in the world is that people have just gotten used to it. 30 00:02:30,380 --> 00:02:33,700 What if we started by changing the scenario? 31 00:02:33,700 --> 00:02:35,760 By minimizing our own waste. 32 00:02:39,040 --> 00:02:41,070 A movement is already up and running. 33 00:02:42,770 --> 00:02:47,770 One of the things that amazes me is how easy it has been 34 00:02:49,140 --> 00:02:50,610 to change the world. 35 00:02:50,610 --> 00:02:53,400 I'm not talking about individual actions, 36 00:02:53,400 --> 00:02:56,650 I'm talking about the global revolution. 37 00:02:58,370 --> 00:03:02,470 By 2050, will this revolution have succeeded? 38 00:03:02,470 --> 00:03:06,590 For the dream to become reality, engineers and designers 39 00:03:06,590 --> 00:03:08,780 are inventing ways for us to produce 40 00:03:08,780 --> 00:03:10,330 and consume differently. 41 00:03:17,550 --> 00:03:20,190 Our mission for many ways is to have product 42 00:03:20,190 --> 00:03:23,750 and engineering solution with 100% trash, 43 00:03:23,750 --> 00:03:25,100 post consumer trash. 44 00:03:26,780 --> 00:03:30,380 My dream for 2050 would really be that we just don't 45 00:03:30,380 --> 00:03:32,460 have the concept to waste anymore. 46 00:03:32,460 --> 00:03:34,800 We get rid of the word out of our vocabulary. 47 00:03:38,435 --> 00:03:40,430 My dream for 2050 would be 48 00:03:40,430 --> 00:03:44,870 for objects to grow in my garden and in other's gardens. 49 00:03:49,137 --> 00:03:51,390 The model I'm working on can revolutionize 50 00:03:51,390 --> 00:03:54,950 that food system and really create a food system 51 00:03:54,950 --> 00:03:56,790 that has zero waste and zero hunger. 52 00:03:58,820 --> 00:04:01,300 These dreamers are walking in the footsteps 53 00:04:01,300 --> 00:04:04,160 of those who have sought to manage our waste. 54 00:04:08,340 --> 00:04:12,780 In the beginning our garbage decomposed naturally, 55 00:04:12,780 --> 00:04:14,870 but when we started to make tools, 56 00:04:14,870 --> 00:04:16,980 we began to accumulate waste. 57 00:04:19,780 --> 00:04:22,200 When we settled down, villages formed 58 00:04:22,200 --> 00:04:24,420 and we invented public landfills. 59 00:04:26,040 --> 00:04:31,040 Between 6,000 and 3,000 BC the global population doubled 60 00:04:31,140 --> 00:04:34,000 and the quantity of waste quadrupled. 61 00:04:36,570 --> 00:04:40,800 In first century Rome fragments of broken packing material 62 00:04:40,800 --> 00:04:43,300 were transformed into a small mountain. 63 00:04:44,700 --> 00:04:49,510 The Gauls, already great wine lovers, recycled this debris 64 00:04:49,510 --> 00:04:51,350 as construction materials. 65 00:04:52,440 --> 00:04:56,810 But the model of a clean, orderly city did not spread. 66 00:04:56,810 --> 00:05:00,140 In the middle ages, roads were filled with garbage. 67 00:05:01,020 --> 00:05:04,470 In Paris Filippo Gust paved the streets 68 00:05:04,470 --> 00:05:06,220 and installed gutters, 69 00:05:06,220 --> 00:05:10,080 but contaminated rivers and soil led to epidemics. 70 00:05:14,180 --> 00:05:17,780 It wasn't until the 19th century with Pastore's work 71 00:05:17,780 --> 00:05:22,210 on microorganisms that war was declared on waste. 72 00:05:23,540 --> 00:05:26,310 The first big incinerators were built in England. 73 00:05:27,730 --> 00:05:32,010 The prefect of Paris imposed the use of special containers 74 00:05:32,010 --> 00:05:33,810 for household garbage. 75 00:05:35,310 --> 00:05:39,160 The industrial revolution generated a whole new wave 76 00:05:39,160 --> 00:05:42,340 of filth, extracting one ton of coal, 77 00:05:42,340 --> 00:05:45,660 produced seven tons of mining waste, 78 00:05:45,660 --> 00:05:49,560 oil and petrol chemicals invaded our daily lives. 79 00:05:49,560 --> 00:05:52,100 The 20th century saw the mass production of 80 00:05:52,100 --> 00:05:55,260 non-degradable sometimes deadly waste. 81 00:05:56,510 --> 00:05:59,740 In the 1970s recycling became a solution. 82 00:06:01,540 --> 00:06:05,100 In Denmark, the first eco-industrial park 83 00:06:05,100 --> 00:06:07,600 transformed waste into resources. 84 00:06:10,230 --> 00:06:13,170 In the digital era, a circular economy serving 85 00:06:13,170 --> 00:06:15,750 sustainable development has gained momentum. 86 00:06:17,830 --> 00:06:20,510 The chain is no longer linear, it becomes circular. 87 00:06:21,630 --> 00:06:24,730 Once you've changed that way of looking at what you have 88 00:06:24,730 --> 00:06:28,320 and you change how that can then flow through the economy 89 00:06:28,320 --> 00:06:30,030 rather than falling out of the end, 90 00:06:30,030 --> 00:06:32,280 that's when we start to see the real changes. 91 00:06:36,760 --> 00:06:39,460 Our garbage cans are overflowing. 92 00:06:40,350 --> 00:06:44,240 Waste is ignored, it's resources left untapped. 93 00:06:45,930 --> 00:06:49,620 Electronic waste contains gold, silver and copper. 94 00:06:51,400 --> 00:06:53,720 We are exhausting raw materials 95 00:06:53,720 --> 00:06:56,140 and driving their prices ever higher. 96 00:07:01,800 --> 00:07:03,900 Ideally, a future planetary 97 00:07:03,900 --> 00:07:06,220 human society should not have to 98 00:07:06,220 --> 00:07:09,230 draw on non-renewable resources, 99 00:07:09,230 --> 00:07:13,330 but would reuse most of it's waste if not all of it, 100 00:07:13,330 --> 00:07:15,980 to replace these non-renewable resources. 101 00:07:18,850 --> 00:07:22,330 Current landfills could very well become future mines. 102 00:07:25,720 --> 00:07:29,770 In 2050 will we recycle everything? 103 00:07:29,770 --> 00:07:32,800 A generation of designers and manufacturers 104 00:07:32,800 --> 00:07:34,850 is already heading down that road. 105 00:07:36,430 --> 00:07:40,470 Metals, plastics and construction materials are increasingly 106 00:07:40,470 --> 00:07:42,240 recovered and transformed. 107 00:07:48,940 --> 00:07:53,720 In Taiwan, visionary engineer and architect Arthur Huang 108 00:07:53,720 --> 00:07:57,700 wants to build everything, absolutely everything, 109 00:07:57,700 --> 00:07:59,300 out of plastic waste. 110 00:08:02,040 --> 00:08:05,960 He uses only non-toxic plastics and makes sure that 111 00:08:05,960 --> 00:08:09,210 his buildings don't generate any extra pollution. 112 00:08:11,470 --> 00:08:15,760 From housing to transport to furniture, his dream 113 00:08:15,760 --> 00:08:19,700 relies on improving the quality of recycled materials. 114 00:08:20,610 --> 00:08:24,830 He's devising products that perform better and pollute less. 115 00:08:29,230 --> 00:08:33,180 The name Miniwiz come from it is wise to minimize. 116 00:08:33,180 --> 00:08:37,520 We believe in order for us to minimize carbon footprint, 117 00:08:37,520 --> 00:08:41,350 our mission for Miniwiz is to have products and engineering 118 00:08:41,350 --> 00:08:45,270 solution with 100% trash, post consumer trash. 119 00:08:51,880 --> 00:08:55,360 My name is Arthur Huang, I'm and architect and an engineer. 120 00:08:59,690 --> 00:09:04,000 When I started the company with my colleagues 15 years ago, 121 00:09:04,000 --> 00:09:08,150 I was very angry at the current state of consumerism. 122 00:09:08,150 --> 00:09:10,630 We are constantly producing new products 123 00:09:10,630 --> 00:09:13,220 and we are just constantly consuming packaging 124 00:09:13,220 --> 00:09:15,920 without consideration of where all that material goes. 125 00:09:17,570 --> 00:09:22,570 So we say, supposedly we are all gifted with creativities, 126 00:09:22,580 --> 00:09:25,500 engineering skills, and we should do something about that. 127 00:09:27,867 --> 00:09:30,450 (upbeat music) 128 00:09:34,730 --> 00:09:38,776 When recycled post consumer material is being recycled 129 00:09:38,776 --> 00:09:42,030 it's being cleaned, it's being chopped, the actual material 130 00:09:42,030 --> 00:09:45,660 become weak, structurally become weak. 131 00:09:45,660 --> 00:09:49,440 So as a engineer with our different engineer here 132 00:09:49,440 --> 00:09:53,010 like mechanical engineer, we can find a way to reinforce 133 00:09:53,010 --> 00:09:56,070 these material through mechanical format. 134 00:09:56,070 --> 00:09:58,170 Because if you do it through chemical format 135 00:09:58,170 --> 00:10:00,210 you don't get much carbon saving, 136 00:10:00,210 --> 00:10:02,640 because you're actually adding more chemical 137 00:10:02,640 --> 00:10:04,380 into the recycling process. 138 00:10:05,260 --> 00:10:07,000 So we have to think mechanically. 139 00:10:09,320 --> 00:10:12,880 So one of our first interesting patten is the 140 00:10:12,880 --> 00:10:15,790 poly brick interlocking sheer joint system. 141 00:10:17,020 --> 00:10:21,150 Poly brick is a way of making air brick. 142 00:10:21,150 --> 00:10:24,450 Okay, we pump air into the manufacturing process 143 00:10:24,450 --> 00:10:28,510 which is blow molding, very similar to the same way 144 00:10:28,510 --> 00:10:32,700 we make a piece of bottle, a water bottle. 145 00:10:34,450 --> 00:10:37,290 But we made it into structural format, okay? 146 00:10:37,290 --> 00:10:41,180 So the individual bottles, they actually lock into 147 00:10:41,180 --> 00:10:44,090 each other and basically pushing in and pushing up 148 00:10:44,090 --> 00:10:47,710 at the same time, for a three dimensional structure. 149 00:10:47,710 --> 00:10:51,950 And this allows us to construct with no adhesive, 150 00:10:51,950 --> 00:10:54,760 but very strong, to create a very strong wall. 151 00:10:56,729 --> 00:10:59,229 (light music) 152 00:11:02,810 --> 00:11:04,810 Using these poly bricks, 153 00:11:04,810 --> 00:11:09,060 Huang built an 80 foot tall building near Taipei, 154 00:11:09,060 --> 00:11:13,250 capable of withstanding typhoons and earthquakes. 155 00:11:13,250 --> 00:11:17,670 It contains one and a half million plastic bottles. 156 00:11:18,760 --> 00:11:21,430 We specialized in architecture product at first, 157 00:11:21,430 --> 00:11:23,710 the reason is because it's one of the biggest 158 00:11:23,710 --> 00:11:25,410 consumption of material. 159 00:11:27,010 --> 00:11:29,890 If you have a small material engineering work, 160 00:11:29,890 --> 00:11:33,640 you need to be able to scale into enough size 161 00:11:33,640 --> 00:11:35,440 for the production to even begin. 162 00:11:37,480 --> 00:11:39,690 So architecture is a great venue for that. 163 00:11:50,710 --> 00:11:53,300 Another technique is equally respectful 164 00:11:53,300 --> 00:11:54,250 of the environment. 165 00:11:56,740 --> 00:12:00,030 The second level what we did is polyber. 166 00:12:00,030 --> 00:12:02,410 Polyber is basically we try to take low grade like 167 00:12:02,410 --> 00:12:06,970 every day consumption like plastic bags, detergent bottles, 168 00:12:06,970 --> 00:12:11,300 these little cups, plastic cups that you see everywhere, 169 00:12:11,300 --> 00:12:16,300 and also some of E waste which is like from PCs and ABS. 170 00:12:17,810 --> 00:12:20,600 You take these material because the polymer is broken, 171 00:12:20,600 --> 00:12:23,520 we use a fiber to connect the polymers. 172 00:12:24,470 --> 00:12:27,850 The polyber is using a lot of organic fiber 173 00:12:27,850 --> 00:12:32,850 for example rice, husk, wheat husk, to bridge the gap 174 00:12:33,823 --> 00:12:37,990 between the molecules to, allows it to be lighter 175 00:12:37,990 --> 00:12:41,830 and somewhat strong like the virgin material. 176 00:12:44,206 --> 00:12:46,789 (gentle music) 177 00:13:02,610 --> 00:13:05,280 To push innovation even further, 178 00:13:05,280 --> 00:13:08,650 Huang made a material as light as carbon fiber. 179 00:13:11,050 --> 00:13:13,260 I mean this is kinda funny, we're using a airplane 180 00:13:13,260 --> 00:13:16,390 as a way to test the material. 181 00:13:18,080 --> 00:13:21,910 It's carbon fiber like, it's almost like 60% the strength 182 00:13:21,910 --> 00:13:25,960 of carbon fiber, it's made from 100% polyester. 183 00:13:25,960 --> 00:13:29,290 It's single material, it's formable, so it's like a 184 00:13:29,290 --> 00:13:32,560 smart fiber basically, you can program the fabric 185 00:13:32,560 --> 00:13:34,540 into hard and soft at the same time. 186 00:13:39,790 --> 00:13:41,470 Wow, well that's pretty cool. 187 00:13:42,370 --> 00:13:45,420 Because it hardened the fabric completely. 188 00:13:45,420 --> 00:13:46,650 Look, this is so hard. 189 00:13:47,880 --> 00:13:50,240 And this part can be, still be like sweater. 190 00:13:51,380 --> 00:13:54,300 So we basically bought a old, very innovative plane 191 00:13:54,300 --> 00:13:58,050 in the 1970s, we're replacing the wing with this 192 00:13:58,050 --> 00:13:59,510 carbon fiber like material. 193 00:14:02,880 --> 00:14:05,120 So post consumer recycle piece of bottle 194 00:14:05,120 --> 00:14:08,170 turned into airplane wing and has the same strength 195 00:14:08,170 --> 00:14:09,430 of a airplane. 196 00:14:09,430 --> 00:14:13,120 If we can make this work and turn that into a upcycle 197 00:14:13,120 --> 00:14:16,350 high end product at the highest level, 198 00:14:16,350 --> 00:14:20,020 have the highest design standards, highest safety standard 199 00:14:20,020 --> 00:14:22,350 like airplanes, like buildings, 200 00:14:22,350 --> 00:14:27,350 then it proves to any industry leaders or it proves to 201 00:14:27,390 --> 00:14:30,190 designers, prove to engineers, prove to different 202 00:14:30,190 --> 00:14:32,580 manufacturers, that this is possible, 203 00:14:32,580 --> 00:14:34,630 and this is the only way to move forward. 204 00:14:36,260 --> 00:14:37,093 Right? 205 00:14:37,093 --> 00:14:41,440 Otherwise there's no point to do all this innovations. 206 00:14:49,290 --> 00:14:52,880 My dream for the future is by 2050, 207 00:14:52,880 --> 00:14:56,090 trash becomes such a cool word, you know? 208 00:14:56,090 --> 00:15:00,510 If you don't use trash to build or to, 209 00:15:00,510 --> 00:15:05,510 your next house, if you don't use trash to build 210 00:15:05,510 --> 00:15:09,540 your next jackets, to make your next furniture, 211 00:15:09,540 --> 00:15:10,710 you are very uncool. 212 00:15:16,760 --> 00:15:19,340 In the end it all hinges on the meaning 213 00:15:19,340 --> 00:15:23,500 of the word waste, and maybe that meaning will change 214 00:15:23,500 --> 00:15:24,333 in the future. 215 00:15:25,680 --> 00:15:28,070 We could think of waste as a material we can 216 00:15:28,070 --> 00:15:30,910 do nothing with, disregard it and dangerous. 217 00:15:32,670 --> 00:15:35,750 But on the contrary all waste that can be recovered 218 00:15:35,750 --> 00:15:38,590 and recycled should become a noble material. 219 00:15:48,060 --> 00:15:51,900 In 2050 we will all sort through 220 00:15:51,900 --> 00:15:53,520 all of our waste. 221 00:15:57,052 --> 00:15:58,880 Sorting at the source is a vital stage 222 00:15:58,880 --> 00:16:01,470 of recycling, it's the prerequisite 223 00:16:01,470 --> 00:16:03,560 for quality recycling in fact. 224 00:16:04,640 --> 00:16:06,970 To make this first step effective, 225 00:16:06,970 --> 00:16:10,350 the centers that recover garbage must be ultra efficient. 226 00:16:14,841 --> 00:16:16,840 The clean up, the more specific the flow 227 00:16:16,840 --> 00:16:19,860 of materials, the better we can recycle it. 228 00:16:21,380 --> 00:16:23,450 Artificial intelligence could then 229 00:16:23,450 --> 00:16:28,450 play a major role, thanks to robotics wizard Tuomas Lukka. 230 00:16:29,630 --> 00:16:32,760 In Helsinki he founded the company ZenRobotics 231 00:16:33,980 --> 00:16:36,560 and developed the first robot capable 232 00:16:36,560 --> 00:16:38,810 of sorting waste with precision. 233 00:16:42,218 --> 00:16:44,620 Our robotic system is part of the waste 234 00:16:44,620 --> 00:16:48,800 recycling chain, our robots are installed along a conveyor 235 00:16:48,800 --> 00:16:51,540 belt and they pick out parts that can be recycled. 236 00:16:55,680 --> 00:16:58,800 My name's Tuomas Lukka and I am responsible 237 00:16:58,800 --> 00:17:00,260 for these sorting robots. 238 00:17:04,020 --> 00:17:06,810 I became interested in robots while still in school. 239 00:17:07,910 --> 00:17:10,580 During manual skills classes I tried to build 240 00:17:10,580 --> 00:17:13,560 an automated hand, my friends and I thought 241 00:17:13,560 --> 00:17:16,640 the next revolution would be in the field of robotics. 242 00:17:16,640 --> 00:17:19,940 We then created ZenRobotics and our goal was simple, 243 00:17:19,940 --> 00:17:21,740 let's do something cool with robots. 244 00:17:30,310 --> 00:17:33,200 Traditionally sorting waste is done either by humans 245 00:17:33,200 --> 00:17:35,860 or with simple machines that perform only one task. 246 00:17:38,270 --> 00:17:40,100 These methods are problematic. 247 00:17:40,100 --> 00:17:42,840 Humans should not work in this kind of environment. 248 00:17:42,840 --> 00:17:45,510 We solved this problem using artificial intelligence. 249 00:17:58,970 --> 00:18:02,850 We teach the robot to catch new objects by demonstration. 250 00:18:02,850 --> 00:18:05,120 By saying for instance I'll put yellow bricks 251 00:18:05,120 --> 00:18:07,550 on the conveyor belt, observe them for awhile, 252 00:18:08,610 --> 00:18:10,330 then you put other objects on there, 253 00:18:10,330 --> 00:18:13,380 other waste not for recycling in this particular case. 254 00:18:14,800 --> 00:18:16,540 When these elements are shown to the robot, 255 00:18:16,540 --> 00:18:19,050 it thinks for a moment, it will then distinguish 256 00:18:19,050 --> 00:18:20,490 between each element. 257 00:18:24,010 --> 00:18:26,210 We can then tell it when you find bricks, 258 00:18:26,210 --> 00:18:27,440 throw them in this bin. 259 00:18:36,290 --> 00:18:39,480 The robot can also sort objects according to quality. 260 00:18:40,480 --> 00:18:43,690 Often we don't want all wood to go in the same bin 261 00:18:43,690 --> 00:18:45,440 as there are several types of wood. 262 00:18:46,290 --> 00:18:49,520 There are beautiful planks, painted wood, old wood 263 00:18:49,520 --> 00:18:52,840 or pressure treated lumber, and it's important to be able to 264 00:18:52,840 --> 00:18:56,220 sort them to then be able to recycle them appropriately. 265 00:19:04,440 --> 00:19:07,580 So unlike traditional systems that recognize objects 266 00:19:07,580 --> 00:19:11,530 by a single observed criterion, this one works like humans 267 00:19:11,530 --> 00:19:14,190 by examining all the criteria and then trying to 268 00:19:14,190 --> 00:19:15,580 determine what it's about. 269 00:19:19,000 --> 00:19:23,340 Armed with AI the robot achieves 99% 270 00:19:23,340 --> 00:19:28,260 sorting precision, it can sort 4,000 objects 271 00:19:28,260 --> 00:19:31,180 and lift 80 tons of waste per hour. 272 00:19:37,620 --> 00:19:40,180 I think that quite soon robots will be able 273 00:19:40,180 --> 00:19:42,720 to dismantle everything that factories produce 274 00:19:42,720 --> 00:19:46,230 and return materials to a new production cycle. 275 00:19:46,230 --> 00:19:49,070 Will it be by sending in small robots like WALL-E 276 00:19:49,070 --> 00:19:51,490 or more traditional methods, I don't know. 277 00:19:51,490 --> 00:19:54,550 But I'm sure robots have a part to play in this process. 278 00:19:54,550 --> 00:19:55,750 It's a job for robots. 279 00:20:00,840 --> 00:20:03,660 Will we see as in the movie WALL-E, 280 00:20:03,660 --> 00:20:08,240 robots that can extract complex objects without damage? 281 00:20:13,010 --> 00:20:14,930 Some of our waste is particularly difficult 282 00:20:14,930 --> 00:20:18,544 to recycle, that's the case with electronic equipment 283 00:20:18,544 --> 00:20:21,440 where it's very hard to separate raw materials 284 00:20:21,440 --> 00:20:22,580 present in the waste. 285 00:20:25,830 --> 00:20:28,890 So we can imagine in the near future technologies with, 286 00:20:28,890 --> 00:20:32,750 why not the use of robots, that can learn to separate 287 00:20:32,750 --> 00:20:34,450 the wheat from the chaff, 288 00:20:34,450 --> 00:20:36,810 in these extremely complex products. 289 00:20:40,340 --> 00:20:42,890 In 2050 these new resources 290 00:20:42,890 --> 00:20:45,470 will have real market value. 291 00:20:45,470 --> 00:20:49,440 We'll have a virtuous economy where some people's waste 292 00:20:49,440 --> 00:20:51,790 becomes other people's resources. 293 00:20:55,900 --> 00:20:59,720 My dream is that we will have recycling centers 294 00:20:59,720 --> 00:21:03,870 all around the countries, and we will be able to recycle 295 00:21:03,870 --> 00:21:06,540 everything, absolutely everything. 296 00:21:06,540 --> 00:21:11,230 And things that we can't recycle will be banned. 297 00:21:11,230 --> 00:21:13,720 You won't be able to manufacture something that can not 298 00:21:13,720 --> 00:21:17,210 be broken back down again, that will be illegal. 299 00:21:22,460 --> 00:21:25,820 What if in 2050 we were no longer 300 00:21:25,820 --> 00:21:27,230 polluting the planet? 301 00:21:28,310 --> 00:21:32,920 If recycling is essential we must first use raw materials 302 00:21:32,920 --> 00:21:35,570 that are environmentally friendly. 303 00:21:35,570 --> 00:21:40,430 No more toxic materials that threaten our ecosystems. 304 00:21:40,430 --> 00:21:44,710 Made from algae, mushrooms or fibers, natural materials 305 00:21:44,710 --> 00:21:46,990 will dominate our every day life. 306 00:21:50,050 --> 00:21:52,210 We will produce more and more of this type 307 00:21:52,210 --> 00:21:54,770 of material, biosourced materials. 308 00:21:56,280 --> 00:21:59,020 It's a fairly barbaric word to refer to living matter, 309 00:21:59,860 --> 00:22:01,360 things that are all around us. 310 00:22:02,830 --> 00:22:06,120 One advantage of biosourced materials is being able to 311 00:22:06,120 --> 00:22:09,480 return them to ecosystems without harming these ecosystems. 312 00:22:12,209 --> 00:22:14,709 (light music) 313 00:22:18,850 --> 00:22:22,350 Daniel and Markus Freitag dream of our clothes 314 00:22:22,350 --> 00:22:24,260 returning to the ground. 315 00:22:25,760 --> 00:22:29,330 Based in Zurich, the brothers have been recycling waste 316 00:22:29,330 --> 00:22:31,030 for more than 20 years. 317 00:22:33,110 --> 00:22:36,400 Renowned for making bags from old truck tarps, 318 00:22:36,400 --> 00:22:39,120 they have set their sights much higher. 319 00:22:41,210 --> 00:22:45,200 After years of research they have designed a line of clothes 320 00:22:45,200 --> 00:22:49,900 called F-ABRIC that are 100% compostable. 321 00:22:57,096 --> 00:22:59,220 We think that products after use 322 00:22:59,220 --> 00:23:02,210 should disappear from the planet much like they appeared. 323 00:23:04,050 --> 00:23:06,650 This idea of a biological life cycle is at the heart 324 00:23:06,650 --> 00:23:07,900 of this line of clothing. 325 00:23:25,774 --> 00:23:28,520 F-ABRIC was born of a personal need. 326 00:23:31,180 --> 00:23:34,160 We'd been looking for functional but economical clothing 327 00:23:34,160 --> 00:23:37,390 for our employees and ourselves but hadn't found any. 328 00:23:45,413 --> 00:23:47,480 That was our starting point. 329 00:23:47,480 --> 00:23:49,970 We were frustrated because we could see that clothes 330 00:23:49,970 --> 00:23:54,230 made with synthetic fibers from the other end of the world 331 00:23:54,230 --> 00:23:56,530 didn't suite our identity or philosophy. 332 00:23:58,356 --> 00:24:00,020 And I think that's what drove us 333 00:24:00,020 --> 00:24:02,310 to make the first Freitag trouser. 334 00:24:07,090 --> 00:24:08,830 To find the materials needed to make 335 00:24:08,830 --> 00:24:12,170 compostable clothes, we had to go back in time. 336 00:24:15,010 --> 00:24:17,640 We looked for what existed before when they were no 337 00:24:17,640 --> 00:24:20,990 synthetics or cottons in Europe to see what fibers 338 00:24:20,990 --> 00:24:25,650 clothes and fabrics were made of. 339 00:24:25,650 --> 00:24:28,910 And we came up with hemp, linen and a more modern 340 00:24:28,910 --> 00:24:32,710 but established fiber, modal, which comes from beech wood. 341 00:24:36,400 --> 00:24:39,200 We've revived them in their purest form. 342 00:24:39,200 --> 00:24:42,190 And from these fibers we have started to weave fabrics. 343 00:24:44,087 --> 00:24:46,017 Do you want to bring some mod to Zurich? 344 00:24:46,017 --> 00:24:46,850 Yes. 345 00:24:55,460 --> 00:24:58,240 We drew a circle around Zurich where we live 346 00:24:58,240 --> 00:25:02,050 and said that a 2,500 kilometer radius should be 347 00:25:02,050 --> 00:25:03,810 reasonable for making clothes. 348 00:25:08,010 --> 00:25:11,180 It depends on the clothes but for trousers for example 349 00:25:11,180 --> 00:25:14,510 which are the flagship products in the collection, 350 00:25:14,510 --> 00:25:17,290 we source the linen and the hemp in France, 351 00:25:17,290 --> 00:25:18,870 they are woven in Italy, 352 00:25:20,906 --> 00:25:23,340 and we make them in Poland in Szczecin. 353 00:25:23,340 --> 00:25:26,030 That still involves a small European tour, 354 00:25:26,030 --> 00:25:27,770 but for an item of clothing 355 00:25:27,770 --> 00:25:29,650 that's still a reasonable distance. 356 00:25:34,370 --> 00:25:35,670 We realized the textile chain 357 00:25:35,670 --> 00:25:39,950 is extremely complex, there are lots of sub-contractors. 358 00:25:39,950 --> 00:25:42,170 So we kept a little journal with a diagram 359 00:25:42,170 --> 00:25:44,560 showing all the ingredients contained in jeans. 360 00:25:48,300 --> 00:25:50,910 Even in just one thread there are lots of components 361 00:25:50,910 --> 00:25:52,270 and necessary stages. 362 00:25:54,630 --> 00:25:57,100 And checking there are no toxic substances that aren't 363 00:25:57,100 --> 00:25:58,800 biodegradable is very costly. 364 00:26:00,570 --> 00:26:02,670 We always do everything to make it happen. 365 00:26:07,117 --> 00:26:10,300 We have enough guarantees to say okay, 366 00:26:10,300 --> 00:26:12,850 I can bury my jeans here, they're compostable 367 00:26:12,850 --> 00:26:14,550 and won't pollute the environment. 368 00:26:19,950 --> 00:26:22,760 My shirt button is compostable, made of walnut, 369 00:26:22,760 --> 00:26:24,360 and hence biodegradable. 370 00:26:29,160 --> 00:26:31,660 (light music) 371 00:26:40,506 --> 00:26:43,810 When was it buried? 372 00:26:43,810 --> 00:26:46,990 Six weeks ago, maybe seven. 373 00:26:48,630 --> 00:26:51,550 In ideal conditions a decomposition process 374 00:26:51,550 --> 00:26:53,590 lasts four to six weeks. 375 00:26:54,700 --> 00:26:57,320 This t-shirt is decomposing and becoming compost. 376 00:26:58,330 --> 00:27:02,350 The clothes are very robust, it's just the compost 377 00:27:02,350 --> 00:27:04,530 conditions that permit it to decompose. 378 00:27:08,020 --> 00:27:11,580 In compost you need a combination of humidity, 379 00:27:11,580 --> 00:27:15,270 small organisms, it's a several stage process 380 00:27:15,270 --> 00:27:19,880 with interacting organisms, it's really the whole ecosystem. 381 00:27:23,093 --> 00:27:25,720 All our components are 100% biodegradable 382 00:27:25,720 --> 00:27:26,970 except the jean's button. 383 00:27:29,544 --> 00:27:31,840 It can be unscrewed so the owner of the jeans 384 00:27:31,840 --> 00:27:33,290 can give it a second life. 385 00:27:34,850 --> 00:27:37,310 That means when the jeans are worn out and thrown 386 00:27:37,310 --> 00:27:40,720 in the compost, this button can be unscrewed and reused 387 00:27:40,720 --> 00:27:42,620 on another garment in our collection. 388 00:27:45,423 --> 00:27:48,006 (upbeat music) 389 00:27:57,408 --> 00:27:59,090 I think that in the future it would be 390 00:27:59,090 --> 00:28:03,420 wise for clothes, all clothes, to be entirely recyclable 391 00:28:03,420 --> 00:28:05,140 and ideally, biodegradable. 392 00:28:07,290 --> 00:28:09,650 As they wear the textiles mingle with nature 393 00:28:09,650 --> 00:28:10,940 and the atmosphere. 394 00:28:11,900 --> 00:28:15,060 It's more natural for it to have a biological life cycle. 395 00:28:18,790 --> 00:28:20,590 My dream for the future is that 396 00:28:20,590 --> 00:28:22,930 the whole of the industry all over the world should work 397 00:28:22,930 --> 00:28:26,030 according to the principle of circularity with simple 398 00:28:26,030 --> 00:28:28,380 materials, biological cycles. 399 00:28:32,919 --> 00:28:35,780 I believe a waste free future is possible if everyone 400 00:28:35,780 --> 00:28:38,510 thinks and acts the same as way we do at Freitag. 401 00:28:47,160 --> 00:28:50,520 Biological cycles allow Guillian Graves 402 00:28:50,520 --> 00:28:52,770 to devise the objects of the future. 403 00:28:53,880 --> 00:28:57,740 In Paris this designer sees in the living world, 404 00:28:57,740 --> 00:29:00,450 a way to revolutionize manufacturing. 405 00:29:01,310 --> 00:29:05,540 He uses yeast and bacteria to grow new materials. 406 00:29:09,080 --> 00:29:11,600 For me, observing nature means 407 00:29:11,600 --> 00:29:15,380 looking at shapes, structures, mechanisms and strategies 408 00:29:15,380 --> 00:29:18,860 that have been developed by organisms large and small. 409 00:29:21,240 --> 00:29:24,040 When you look at a tree for example or a leaf, 410 00:29:24,040 --> 00:29:27,080 you realize it's a self assembled solar panel whose 411 00:29:27,080 --> 00:29:29,360 raw materials have only traveled a few meters 412 00:29:29,360 --> 00:29:31,640 around the roots of a tree for example. 413 00:29:37,725 --> 00:29:39,870 I'm Guillian Graves, I'm a bio-designer. 414 00:29:39,870 --> 00:29:41,170 I draw inspiration from the living 415 00:29:41,170 --> 00:29:42,750 to design objects for tomorrow. 416 00:29:51,562 --> 00:29:55,360 Initially I was interested in kombucha, a fermented tea, 417 00:29:55,360 --> 00:29:57,950 the first traces of which were found in Mongolia 418 00:29:57,950 --> 00:29:59,390 around 2,000 years ago. 419 00:30:00,500 --> 00:30:02,920 People would put a green tea leaf in water 420 00:30:02,920 --> 00:30:06,580 with a little sugar, to that they added a small amount 421 00:30:06,580 --> 00:30:09,880 of cellulose that contained the bacteria and yeast 422 00:30:09,880 --> 00:30:11,350 to ferment the liquid. 423 00:30:13,968 --> 00:30:15,970 What we observed and found interesting is that 424 00:30:15,970 --> 00:30:18,800 during the process, which can take a long time 425 00:30:18,800 --> 00:30:23,380 weeks for example, we observed a membrane gradually forming 426 00:30:23,380 --> 00:30:25,860 layer by layer on the surface of the liquid. 427 00:30:27,080 --> 00:30:30,100 Then we thought it'd be interesting to change register. 428 00:30:30,100 --> 00:30:32,580 To go from drink to materials. 429 00:30:33,480 --> 00:30:38,390 And use the liquid not as a drink but use the surface 430 00:30:38,390 --> 00:30:42,100 material left by these microorganisms to produce 431 00:30:42,100 --> 00:30:44,150 new materials more sustainably. 432 00:30:50,490 --> 00:30:53,650 We began with simple experiments, I and my seller, 433 00:30:53,650 --> 00:30:57,050 my colleagues and their seller in their garage, et cetera. 434 00:30:57,050 --> 00:31:00,610 We thought okay, we'll test various things. 435 00:31:00,610 --> 00:31:04,060 So we devised around 50 recipes with various organic 436 00:31:04,060 --> 00:31:07,280 ingredients and a few selected additives. 437 00:31:07,280 --> 00:31:09,310 For example aloe vera if you want to 438 00:31:09,310 --> 00:31:11,650 play with the material's elasticity, 439 00:31:11,650 --> 00:31:13,850 crushed oyster shell if you want to 440 00:31:13,850 --> 00:31:15,620 add mineral properties, 441 00:31:16,560 --> 00:31:19,520 or copper if you wanted conductive material. 442 00:31:27,790 --> 00:31:29,790 We saw that we could shape the material. 443 00:31:31,940 --> 00:31:35,390 Various techniques would produce various shapes, 444 00:31:36,230 --> 00:31:38,900 either during cultivation or during drying. 445 00:31:38,900 --> 00:31:41,330 The idea being that as the bacteria makes this matter 446 00:31:41,330 --> 00:31:45,170 on the surface, we could integrate it into molds. 447 00:31:45,170 --> 00:31:48,120 Molds to make different shapes, different types of objects. 448 00:31:50,060 --> 00:31:52,290 He imagines a future where this process 449 00:31:52,290 --> 00:31:54,870 will grow single piece objects. 450 00:31:59,910 --> 00:32:02,210 Today we can produce the raw material, 451 00:32:02,210 --> 00:32:04,580 but not grow the entire object. 452 00:32:04,580 --> 00:32:07,670 But tomorrow we can easily imagine growing a chair 453 00:32:07,670 --> 00:32:09,910 or architecture from these microorganisms. 454 00:32:12,480 --> 00:32:15,360 Using living organisms opens the door 455 00:32:15,360 --> 00:32:17,960 to a revolutionary idea. 456 00:32:17,960 --> 00:32:22,460 Creating entirely degradable products that we cultivate 457 00:32:22,460 --> 00:32:23,850 from the ground up. 458 00:32:32,130 --> 00:32:35,420 In 2050 we'll throw away nothing. 459 00:32:35,420 --> 00:32:38,370 Everything will be done to limit waste, 460 00:32:38,370 --> 00:32:40,780 starting with our food stuffs. 461 00:32:42,550 --> 00:32:47,490 Globally we waste around 1.3 billion tons of food 462 00:32:47,490 --> 00:32:48,530 every single year. 463 00:32:50,150 --> 00:32:53,020 Just take the waste of the United States of America 464 00:32:53,020 --> 00:32:55,440 in people's homes and at retail level, 465 00:32:55,440 --> 00:32:57,420 at the end of the supply chain. 466 00:32:57,420 --> 00:33:01,310 There's nearly enough there to feed all of the world's 467 00:33:01,310 --> 00:33:04,840 hungry people twice, and end hunger. 468 00:33:07,300 --> 00:33:09,350 What we can hope for is that consumer 469 00:33:09,350 --> 00:33:14,310 mind sets will have evolved, from fridge to super market, 470 00:33:14,310 --> 00:33:16,720 we'll promote eco-friendly products. 471 00:33:20,130 --> 00:33:23,400 Changing consumer habits is the challenge faced 472 00:33:23,400 --> 00:33:25,340 by Evan Lutz in Baltimore. 473 00:33:26,650 --> 00:33:29,650 In the U.S. 20% of agriculture 474 00:33:29,650 --> 00:33:32,740 is tossed due to imperfections. 475 00:33:32,740 --> 00:33:35,110 He invented a system that gets these fruits 476 00:33:35,110 --> 00:33:37,780 and vegetables to our plates. 477 00:33:39,670 --> 00:33:42,690 The model that I'm working on connects farmers 478 00:33:42,690 --> 00:33:45,660 closer to consumers so that there's a lot more local 479 00:33:45,660 --> 00:33:47,370 aspect to the food system. 480 00:33:47,370 --> 00:33:49,330 And make sure that there's no food going to waste, 481 00:33:49,330 --> 00:33:50,330 in that food system. 482 00:33:53,350 --> 00:33:55,740 My name's Evan Lutz, I'm the co-founder of Hungry Harvest 483 00:33:55,740 --> 00:33:57,850 and we are a produce delivery company. 484 00:33:57,850 --> 00:34:00,430 And our mission is to fight food waste and fight hunger. 485 00:34:02,700 --> 00:34:04,830 I graduated The University of Maryland in 2014 486 00:34:04,830 --> 00:34:07,080 and during my senior year I started working for an 487 00:34:07,080 --> 00:34:09,870 organization called Food Recovery Network. 488 00:34:09,870 --> 00:34:12,010 We got approached by a supplier of surplus 489 00:34:12,010 --> 00:34:13,580 or ugly fruits and vegetables. 490 00:34:13,580 --> 00:34:15,380 They told us about this problem of all these 491 00:34:15,380 --> 00:34:17,030 fruit and vegetables that are going to waste, 492 00:34:17,030 --> 00:34:18,330 and how perfectly edible they are 493 00:34:18,330 --> 00:34:19,990 and how perfectly fresh they are. 494 00:34:19,990 --> 00:34:21,740 And so I thought why not sell this? 495 00:34:23,750 --> 00:34:25,690 This produce should absolutely be sold, 496 00:34:25,690 --> 00:34:27,920 it's perfectly edible, it's perfectly fresh. 497 00:34:27,920 --> 00:34:30,230 But our perception in a grocery store, 498 00:34:30,230 --> 00:34:32,010 we want everything to be perfect. 499 00:34:32,010 --> 00:34:34,920 When in fact perfection in produce doesn't necessarily 500 00:34:34,920 --> 00:34:36,350 mean it tastes good. 501 00:34:36,350 --> 00:34:39,180 We should be judging produce on taste not how it looks. 502 00:34:43,090 --> 00:34:45,600 Our idea is to buy ugly fruits and vegetables 503 00:34:45,600 --> 00:34:47,770 that would normally get thrown away, recover them 504 00:34:47,770 --> 00:34:50,210 from going to waste, box them up into really nice 505 00:34:50,210 --> 00:34:52,850 right boxes and deliver it right to consumer's home. 506 00:34:55,590 --> 00:34:58,280 Fruits and vegetables go to waste for a few main reasons. 507 00:34:58,280 --> 00:35:00,610 One is aesthetic imperfections. 508 00:35:00,610 --> 00:35:02,430 Apples might too small or too big 509 00:35:02,430 --> 00:35:04,670 or tomatoes might be the wrong shade of red 510 00:35:04,670 --> 00:35:07,300 or mangoes might be green instead of yellow. 511 00:35:07,300 --> 00:35:10,810 For example we had cabbage last week that had soil on it 512 00:35:10,810 --> 00:35:13,060 so who would think that cabbage grows in soil? 513 00:35:13,060 --> 00:35:15,850 A buyer rejected it because it still had some soil on it. 514 00:35:15,850 --> 00:35:18,860 And that's considered an ugly or aesthetic imperfection. 515 00:35:21,910 --> 00:35:23,540 The other reason why produce goes to waste 516 00:35:23,540 --> 00:35:25,410 is logistical inefficiencies. 517 00:35:25,410 --> 00:35:27,940 So grocery stores can actually reject truck loads 518 00:35:27,940 --> 00:35:30,120 of produce for almost any reason. 519 00:35:31,100 --> 00:35:33,620 If a pallet is tipped over inside the truck when they 520 00:35:33,620 --> 00:35:36,220 receive it or if a pallet is damaged or if they just 521 00:35:36,220 --> 00:35:38,720 haven't sold enough of that product in the week before, 522 00:35:38,720 --> 00:35:40,250 they can reject a truck load. 523 00:35:40,250 --> 00:35:42,330 That truck load usually has to go to a landfill 524 00:35:42,330 --> 00:35:44,530 to dump it out, because they need to get back 525 00:35:44,530 --> 00:35:46,690 to their warehouse with an empty haul. 526 00:35:54,502 --> 00:35:57,002 (light music) 527 00:36:00,220 --> 00:36:02,790 Probably have 50 farmers in our network. 528 00:36:02,790 --> 00:36:04,730 And we also have packing houses and wholesalers 529 00:36:04,730 --> 00:36:06,955 which also have lots and lots of produce 530 00:36:06,955 --> 00:36:08,580 that's going to waste. 531 00:36:08,580 --> 00:36:11,020 In our philosophy it doesn't matter where it was grown, 532 00:36:11,020 --> 00:36:12,850 how it was grown, how it was packaged, 533 00:36:12,850 --> 00:36:15,850 if it's about to go to waste we're gonna recover it. 534 00:36:15,850 --> 00:36:18,300 We also get people that write in to us and say 535 00:36:18,300 --> 00:36:21,110 hey, I have this excess this is about to go to waste, 536 00:36:21,110 --> 00:36:22,710 and we recover all of that. 537 00:36:25,500 --> 00:36:27,560 It is a challenge to really grow apples. 538 00:36:27,560 --> 00:36:29,700 They might not be the prettiest apples. 539 00:36:29,700 --> 00:36:31,730 You can definitely keep the insects off, 540 00:36:31,730 --> 00:36:34,670 some of the diseases off, but just the humidity 541 00:36:34,670 --> 00:36:37,220 and apples sometimes really don't go together. 542 00:36:37,220 --> 00:36:39,210 When you have pine trees or some other trees like that 543 00:36:39,210 --> 00:36:41,990 which harbor that rust, which really doesn't affect 544 00:36:41,990 --> 00:36:44,850 the pine trees that much, you have it in your apples 545 00:36:44,850 --> 00:36:46,640 and you know, it's a problem. 546 00:36:46,640 --> 00:36:48,972 So consequently a lot of these apples would have to, 547 00:36:48,972 --> 00:36:52,150 you know if I were a commercial producer, 548 00:36:52,150 --> 00:36:54,720 yeah these would have to be discarded. 549 00:36:54,720 --> 00:36:55,810 Yeah, like this guy. 550 00:36:55,810 --> 00:36:57,540 Yeah, unfortunately. 551 00:36:57,540 --> 00:37:00,330 Being a fruit producer in general in the mid Atlantic region 552 00:37:00,330 --> 00:37:03,300 here where the humidity is high, it's a challenge. 553 00:37:07,450 --> 00:37:10,020 Farmers are generally very, very receptive to our ideas 554 00:37:10,020 --> 00:37:12,790 because they've never really gotten a return on their 555 00:37:12,790 --> 00:37:14,970 surplus or excess inventory before. 556 00:37:14,970 --> 00:37:18,080 And we offer them an avenue so that they can get a return 557 00:37:18,080 --> 00:37:19,990 on their surplus and seconds product. 558 00:37:30,730 --> 00:37:33,260 I wanted to make a site where people would go online 559 00:37:33,260 --> 00:37:35,640 and we can deliver to them, no matter where they live. 560 00:37:35,640 --> 00:37:37,680 And so we've purposely positioned ourselves 561 00:37:37,680 --> 00:37:40,250 as a discounted produce delivery service, 562 00:37:40,250 --> 00:37:42,750 because we believe that every person has the right 563 00:37:42,750 --> 00:37:45,500 to eat healthy and get produce delivered to their door. 564 00:37:48,960 --> 00:37:51,950 So we deliver to almost a hundred miles around, 565 00:37:51,950 --> 00:37:54,790 in a radius around where our distribution hub is, 566 00:37:54,790 --> 00:37:56,060 in the middle of Maryland. 567 00:38:00,047 --> 00:38:00,880 Hey. 568 00:38:00,880 --> 00:38:01,713 Hi. 569 00:38:01,713 --> 00:38:02,546 Here's your Hungry Harvest box. 570 00:38:02,546 --> 00:38:03,379 Awesome, thank you. 571 00:38:03,379 --> 00:38:04,212 Thank you, have a great day. 572 00:38:04,212 --> 00:38:05,240 You too. 573 00:38:05,240 --> 00:38:07,900 So we deliver about like 3,000 boxes and we recover 574 00:38:07,900 --> 00:38:10,730 about 50,000 pounds of produce every single week. 575 00:38:13,200 --> 00:38:15,680 For every box we deliver we also donate one to three 576 00:38:15,680 --> 00:38:18,040 pounds of produce to people in need. 577 00:38:18,040 --> 00:38:19,710 I think food is at the very fabric, 578 00:38:19,710 --> 00:38:21,330 at the very foundation of our society. 579 00:38:21,330 --> 00:38:22,730 People bond over food. 580 00:38:22,730 --> 00:38:24,718 And meanwhile we've got all this food going to waste 581 00:38:24,718 --> 00:38:25,990 and it just doesn't make sense to me. 582 00:38:25,990 --> 00:38:27,720 It's something that I had to stand up for, 583 00:38:27,720 --> 00:38:29,970 and act on this, on solving this problem. 584 00:38:30,953 --> 00:38:32,203 Good morning. 585 00:38:33,723 --> 00:38:35,398 Thank you. 586 00:38:35,398 --> 00:38:37,520 Good morning, how are you? 587 00:38:37,520 --> 00:38:39,060 Good, thank you so much. 588 00:38:39,060 --> 00:38:40,890 35 years we're gonna have another billion people 589 00:38:40,890 --> 00:38:42,780 on the planet, and how are we gonna feed 590 00:38:42,780 --> 00:38:44,370 eight billion people on the planet 591 00:38:44,370 --> 00:38:47,470 when almost half of what we grow is going to waste? 592 00:38:47,470 --> 00:38:49,340 It's just not gonna be a sustainable solution. 593 00:38:49,340 --> 00:38:50,390 It's a lot of fun. 594 00:38:50,390 --> 00:38:52,980 The model I'm working on can revolutionize 595 00:38:52,980 --> 00:38:55,830 that food system and really create a food system 596 00:38:55,830 --> 00:38:57,730 that has zero waste and zero hunger. 597 00:38:57,730 --> 00:38:59,240 That's my dream for the future. 598 00:39:01,970 --> 00:39:05,590 I do believe that a food system that helps to remedy 599 00:39:05,590 --> 00:39:10,000 the world's environmental problems and avoid producing 600 00:39:10,000 --> 00:39:14,400 waste, using waste as a resource, is a reality. 601 00:39:14,400 --> 00:39:18,440 And I say that because those farms that do that 602 00:39:18,440 --> 00:39:21,600 already exist, they always have existed. 603 00:39:22,470 --> 00:39:26,760 At the moment the battle is between that kind of farming 604 00:39:26,760 --> 00:39:29,790 and the multi-culture supermarket driven kind of farming 605 00:39:29,790 --> 00:39:32,040 that we're all being sold into. 606 00:39:32,040 --> 00:39:37,040 We need to shift towards that, in fact ancient system, 607 00:39:37,690 --> 00:39:40,260 with modern technologies and modern lifestyles. 608 00:39:40,260 --> 00:39:42,960 It really is possible, and that's what I dream of. 609 00:39:44,920 --> 00:39:47,660 If food waste ends, what will happen 610 00:39:47,660 --> 00:39:49,190 to every day products? 611 00:39:51,950 --> 00:39:54,710 By 2050 we might be living in a world 612 00:39:54,710 --> 00:39:57,710 with no more disposable items or single use objects. 613 00:39:58,810 --> 00:40:00,560 We'd no longer waste that material. 614 00:40:01,890 --> 00:40:06,160 If we can send men to the moon or do fantastic things 615 00:40:06,160 --> 00:40:10,610 we can surely manage to revive deposit systems for example, 616 00:40:10,610 --> 00:40:12,780 to ensure the reuse of bottles, et cetera. 617 00:40:14,040 --> 00:40:16,620 It's social and logistical innovation, 618 00:40:16,620 --> 00:40:19,040 not technological innovation. 619 00:40:19,040 --> 00:40:20,660 But it's well within our reach. 620 00:40:26,840 --> 00:40:30,180 Imagine if our possessions were built to last. 621 00:40:31,050 --> 00:40:35,570 No more junk washing machines, electronics that die young 622 00:40:37,130 --> 00:40:39,670 or cars headed for the scrap pile. 623 00:40:44,949 --> 00:40:47,532 (car crushing) 624 00:40:49,370 --> 00:40:52,910 If we can dream up objects that self repair, 625 00:40:54,670 --> 00:40:58,240 by 2050 another reality will prevail. 626 00:40:59,230 --> 00:41:03,070 We'll live in a world without planned obsolescence. 627 00:41:06,230 --> 00:41:07,970 In an ideal future 628 00:41:07,970 --> 00:41:10,210 it would be important to design products that could be 629 00:41:10,210 --> 00:41:13,530 easily repaired by the end user, by the consumer. 630 00:41:17,040 --> 00:41:19,300 Our devices will be designed to be 631 00:41:19,300 --> 00:41:21,090 modular and connected. 632 00:41:22,020 --> 00:41:25,320 Manufacturers will be notified of any failure 633 00:41:25,320 --> 00:41:27,280 so they can provide maintenance. 634 00:41:30,027 --> 00:41:32,610 (upbeat music) 635 00:41:35,310 --> 00:41:37,360 This is the future that Rich Gilbert 636 00:41:37,360 --> 00:41:39,910 is bringing to life in London. 637 00:41:39,910 --> 00:41:43,760 He first tested his deprogrammed obsolescence 638 00:41:43,760 --> 00:41:45,810 on a new kind of toaster. 639 00:41:45,810 --> 00:41:49,600 We've seen that sold electrical products in the household 640 00:41:49,600 --> 00:41:52,000 typically never end up in recycling. 641 00:41:52,000 --> 00:41:53,950 That small things that fail in the house 642 00:41:53,950 --> 00:41:56,340 like an electric toothbrush or kettle 643 00:41:56,340 --> 00:41:58,070 or even destroyed cameras 644 00:41:58,070 --> 00:42:00,730 and so on, they put them on the side for awhile 645 00:42:00,730 --> 00:42:02,600 not sure what to do with them, and then they end up in, 646 00:42:02,600 --> 00:42:03,900 just in the household bin. 647 00:42:06,840 --> 00:42:09,660 I'm Rich Gilbert, I set up The Agency of Design. 648 00:42:09,660 --> 00:42:13,080 We're a small studio focused on creating new products 649 00:42:13,080 --> 00:42:15,180 and services for a circular economy. 650 00:42:18,350 --> 00:42:21,050 So we designed three toasters, the Realist, 651 00:42:21,050 --> 00:42:23,240 the Pragmatist and the Optimist. 652 00:42:23,240 --> 00:42:25,720 The Optimist was really our kind of vision 653 00:42:25,720 --> 00:42:28,670 for how you could make the most out of those materials. 654 00:42:28,670 --> 00:42:31,410 So we'd seen that metal goes through a siting process 655 00:42:31,410 --> 00:42:35,560 really well, so we tried to design an all aluminum toaster 656 00:42:35,560 --> 00:42:37,640 knowing that it'd be kind of a heavy, 657 00:42:37,640 --> 00:42:39,230 almost industrial object. 658 00:42:39,230 --> 00:42:41,310 You wouldn't want to throw this in the bin. 659 00:42:43,010 --> 00:42:46,560 The Pragmatist was designed to be a kind of example 660 00:42:46,560 --> 00:42:48,880 of how a consumer could have a close sort of relationship 661 00:42:48,880 --> 00:42:51,820 with a manufacturer, so it was a modular product. 662 00:42:51,820 --> 00:42:53,650 If one of the slots in the toaster broke 663 00:42:53,650 --> 00:42:56,270 you take that slot out and you can post it back to a 664 00:42:56,270 --> 00:42:58,060 manufacturer because we made it thin enough 665 00:42:58,060 --> 00:42:59,410 to go through a letter box. 666 00:43:00,530 --> 00:43:03,020 The Realist was really our take on, 667 00:43:03,020 --> 00:43:05,870 what do we about a four pound 99 toaster 668 00:43:05,870 --> 00:43:07,820 that you can go and buy in a supermarket? 669 00:43:07,820 --> 00:43:10,830 So we tried to design the cheapest possible disassembly 670 00:43:10,830 --> 00:43:14,600 fixing, so we made a small expandable fixing 671 00:43:14,600 --> 00:43:17,100 that goes in where the snap fits are in the product. 672 00:43:17,100 --> 00:43:19,570 When you put that product in a vacuum chamber 673 00:43:19,570 --> 00:43:22,060 all the joints expand and the parts pop apart 674 00:43:22,060 --> 00:43:25,150 so you can then non-destructively take those materials 675 00:43:25,150 --> 00:43:27,690 and get a higher quality output from them. 676 00:43:31,090 --> 00:43:33,050 Gilbert then tackled an object 677 00:43:33,050 --> 00:43:37,060 central to every day life, the light bulb. 678 00:43:37,060 --> 00:43:40,320 He invented repairable, connected light bulbs 679 00:43:40,320 --> 00:43:42,700 that are virtually indestructible. 680 00:43:45,860 --> 00:43:48,940 When we looked at the recycling rates of consumer 681 00:43:48,940 --> 00:43:50,930 light bulbs, they're incredibly low. 682 00:43:50,930 --> 00:43:53,150 It's just 1% of what gets sold into the market 683 00:43:53,150 --> 00:43:55,300 actually goes into our recycling system. 684 00:43:55,300 --> 00:43:57,330 So that means these really intelligent pieces 685 00:43:57,330 --> 00:44:00,790 of technology, you know 99% of them end up in landfill. 686 00:44:03,138 --> 00:44:06,700 Get inside of that, cause I think that's probably 687 00:44:06,700 --> 00:44:08,350 like plastic metal sandwich. 688 00:44:20,100 --> 00:44:22,270 It is kind of disgusting as a product. 689 00:44:22,270 --> 00:44:23,720 Can't believe they do this. 690 00:44:25,440 --> 00:44:26,870 How would you recycle this? 691 00:44:26,870 --> 00:44:28,540 No idea. 692 00:44:28,540 --> 00:44:31,650 When the bulb fails, most of these bits are actually... 693 00:44:31,650 --> 00:44:32,483 Still okay? 694 00:44:32,483 --> 00:44:34,440 They're not failed, not everything's broken. 695 00:44:34,440 --> 00:44:36,550 Yeah it's just such a huge amount of complexity 696 00:44:36,550 --> 00:44:38,260 that basically gets lost. 697 00:44:40,170 --> 00:44:43,328 So we tried to find a way not just like increasing 698 00:44:43,328 --> 00:44:46,810 a small amount from 1%, we want to find a radical way 699 00:44:46,810 --> 00:44:48,650 of capturing all of that material. 700 00:44:48,650 --> 00:44:51,510 So we focused on a service model where we thought 701 00:44:51,510 --> 00:44:54,790 we can capture 100% of the product that's coming back to us. 702 00:44:54,790 --> 00:44:56,740 That means we never lose that material. 703 00:44:59,250 --> 00:45:01,670 To do that we've designed it to disassemble 704 00:45:01,670 --> 00:45:04,370 from one fixing so we can access those parts very quickly. 705 00:45:04,370 --> 00:45:07,910 And we've made a modular construction where the LEDs 706 00:45:07,910 --> 00:45:09,690 are separated from the power supply. 707 00:45:09,690 --> 00:45:11,620 We can replace components on the power supply 708 00:45:11,620 --> 00:45:13,950 and keep many of the components running for multiple 709 00:45:13,950 --> 00:45:16,480 life cycles, and we can reassemble that into 710 00:45:16,480 --> 00:45:19,230 a fully functioning bulb and send it out for use again. 711 00:45:20,440 --> 00:45:22,220 For a consumer it's very simple. 712 00:45:22,220 --> 00:45:25,240 You download our app, you go through the subscription 713 00:45:25,240 --> 00:45:28,380 setup process and choose your light bulbs. 714 00:45:28,380 --> 00:45:31,590 You sign up and a set of light bulbs arrive the next day. 715 00:45:35,370 --> 00:45:37,140 So inside our light bulb we've got 716 00:45:37,140 --> 00:45:39,010 blue tooth mesh technology. 717 00:45:39,010 --> 00:45:41,380 So each of our light bulbs talks to each other 718 00:45:41,380 --> 00:45:43,600 and then the mesh can talk to your phone 719 00:45:43,600 --> 00:45:47,350 or talk to a router to send information back to us. 720 00:45:47,350 --> 00:45:50,500 So that means we know as soon as a light bulb breaks. 721 00:45:50,500 --> 00:45:52,400 Or we can look at how they're performing 722 00:45:52,400 --> 00:45:55,860 and work out when to upgrade your light bulbs. 723 00:45:55,860 --> 00:45:58,500 So we can preemptively replace bulbs that we think 724 00:45:58,500 --> 00:46:00,420 are going to fail sometime soon. 725 00:46:03,840 --> 00:46:07,937 So we're really tryin' to switch to a model of performance. 726 00:46:07,937 --> 00:46:11,750 You're buying lights, you're not buying light bulbs, 727 00:46:11,750 --> 00:46:13,810 you're not buying technology. 728 00:46:13,810 --> 00:46:16,050 If anything goes wrong, it's someone else's problem. 729 00:46:16,050 --> 00:46:19,280 Imagine that that's a kind of a square lid 730 00:46:19,280 --> 00:46:20,410 with a slot in it. 731 00:46:20,410 --> 00:46:22,250 Oh okay, so I was imagining... 732 00:46:22,250 --> 00:46:25,310 My dream as a designer would be that we're not asked 733 00:46:25,310 --> 00:46:28,110 to consider sustainability as an add on 734 00:46:28,110 --> 00:46:30,790 or as a thing that happens as well as the kind of, 735 00:46:30,790 --> 00:46:33,310 functional desirable parts of design. 736 00:46:33,310 --> 00:46:37,350 It's just part design as a process, as a way of thinking 737 00:46:37,350 --> 00:46:39,030 and that's inherent in every brief 738 00:46:39,030 --> 00:46:40,530 that you tackle as a designer. 739 00:46:45,610 --> 00:46:46,630 Could be lighting, it could be a table, 740 00:46:46,630 --> 00:46:49,460 it could be carpeting, it could be your iPhone, 741 00:46:49,460 --> 00:46:51,470 it could be anything, it could just be the way 742 00:46:51,470 --> 00:46:53,920 that we approach design and how that design 743 00:46:53,920 --> 00:46:55,940 fits into the economy in a systemic way. 744 00:46:59,170 --> 00:47:01,660 By not buying objects themselves 745 00:47:01,660 --> 00:47:06,460 but only their use, will we achieve a world without waste? 746 00:47:10,300 --> 00:47:12,540 There will be still be waste in the future. 747 00:47:13,450 --> 00:47:16,854 But the future we can and I believe must dream of 748 00:47:16,854 --> 00:47:19,330 is a future where the only remaining waste 749 00:47:19,330 --> 00:47:21,250 can be turned into resources. 750 00:47:24,510 --> 00:47:26,720 By wasting nothing, 751 00:47:26,720 --> 00:47:30,580 designing biomaterials and building objects 752 00:47:30,580 --> 00:47:31,860 to last indefinitely, 753 00:47:33,210 --> 00:47:37,780 in 2050 zero waste will be more than a concept. 754 00:47:39,110 --> 00:47:40,840 It will be a way of life. 755 00:47:43,870 --> 00:47:46,620 (dramatic music)