1 00:00:01,400 --> 00:00:05,140 Our world is undergoing profound change. 2 00:00:05,140 --> 00:00:08,490 Science and technology are transforming our lives 3 00:00:08,490 --> 00:00:09,840 with dizzying speed. 4 00:00:10,720 --> 00:00:13,420 Astonishing innovations are ushering in 5 00:00:13,420 --> 00:00:15,310 a new era of opportunity. 6 00:00:16,740 --> 00:00:19,660 The high-tech revolution is fueling creativity 7 00:00:19,660 --> 00:00:23,760 around the globe, inspiring visionary solutions. 8 00:00:26,060 --> 00:00:30,070 So open your eyes and get ready for an amazing journey 9 00:00:30,070 --> 00:00:33,771 to 2050 to dream the future. 10 00:00:33,771 --> 00:00:36,604 (inspiring music) 11 00:00:53,760 --> 00:00:58,540 Day or night, from skyscrapers to the countryside, 12 00:00:59,520 --> 00:01:04,520 underground and even in space, work defines our lives. 13 00:01:07,070 --> 00:01:09,300 Work is meaning. 14 00:01:09,300 --> 00:01:11,470 Work is creativity. 15 00:01:11,470 --> 00:01:13,710 Work is what defines us. 16 00:01:19,950 --> 00:01:22,100 But what about tomorrow? 17 00:01:22,100 --> 00:01:25,020 In a digital, ultra-connected world, 18 00:01:25,020 --> 00:01:27,190 how will we view our jobs? 19 00:01:29,930 --> 00:01:34,070 Soon the workforce will comprise five generations. 20 00:01:34,070 --> 00:01:37,570 How, where, and with whom 21 00:01:37,570 --> 00:01:38,670 will we work? 22 00:01:41,529 --> 00:01:45,220 We're at the early stages of a fundamental redefinition 23 00:01:45,220 --> 00:01:47,090 of what it means to have a job. 24 00:01:47,090 --> 00:01:49,540 What types of jobs are gonna be available? 25 00:01:49,540 --> 00:01:51,300 And that's part of where the debate is. 26 00:01:51,300 --> 00:01:55,270 We don't know what types of jobs are going to exist. 27 00:01:57,070 --> 00:01:59,930 In 2050, there will be seven billion people 28 00:01:59,930 --> 00:02:01,060 in the job market. 29 00:02:02,660 --> 00:02:04,870 Will our occupations follow the path 30 00:02:04,870 --> 00:02:06,750 shown by science fiction? 31 00:02:16,410 --> 00:02:19,140 What if our future turned out to be very different? 32 00:02:20,800 --> 00:02:22,129 The positive outcome is that 33 00:02:22,129 --> 00:02:24,070 there will be job destruction 34 00:02:24,070 --> 00:02:26,190 but there will be much job creation. 35 00:02:27,900 --> 00:02:29,390 Will digital communication 36 00:02:29,390 --> 00:02:31,040 let us work from anywhere? 37 00:02:32,730 --> 00:02:34,380 Basically, if you can imagine it 38 00:02:34,380 --> 00:02:36,530 and if you can think about it, it's coming. 39 00:02:38,140 --> 00:02:41,340 Dreamers are devising future work solutions 40 00:02:41,340 --> 00:02:45,350 that are more robotized, flexible and creative. 41 00:02:48,980 --> 00:02:51,650 It's one attempt to at least investigate 42 00:02:51,650 --> 00:02:55,270 how can we walk around our office space remotely? 43 00:02:57,890 --> 00:02:58,870 Augmented reality 44 00:02:58,870 --> 00:03:01,380 is the next generation of computing. 45 00:03:01,380 --> 00:03:03,890 This is really about being in the place 46 00:03:03,890 --> 00:03:05,730 but then making that place magical. 47 00:03:09,000 --> 00:03:11,400 In these days of human evolution 48 00:03:11,400 --> 00:03:14,670 it's important to make non-sitting environments 49 00:03:14,670 --> 00:03:16,340 to generate behavioral change. 50 00:03:19,126 --> 00:03:19,959 (foreign language) 51 00:03:19,959 --> 00:03:21,080 We had to break the cliche 52 00:03:21,080 --> 00:03:22,540 that robots are dangerous. 53 00:03:23,640 --> 00:03:25,790 Robots can bring us so many benefits 54 00:03:25,790 --> 00:03:28,340 that they have a place among our future colleagues. 55 00:03:34,600 --> 00:03:37,800 Our distant ancestors were busy finding food, 56 00:03:37,800 --> 00:03:39,490 shelter and protection. 57 00:03:41,460 --> 00:03:43,610 More than two million years ago, 58 00:03:43,610 --> 00:03:47,270 they started inventing tools and kept improving them. 59 00:03:51,280 --> 00:03:55,540 Around 12,000 years ago, populations settled 60 00:03:55,540 --> 00:03:57,310 and began to work the land. 61 00:04:00,130 --> 00:04:02,470 We began to produce what we needed, 62 00:04:02,470 --> 00:04:05,480 and that involved preserving and storing goods. 63 00:04:07,700 --> 00:04:09,570 Tasks were divided up. 64 00:04:09,570 --> 00:04:11,530 Crafts were developed. 65 00:04:11,530 --> 00:04:13,870 Goods and services were traded. 66 00:04:15,020 --> 00:04:17,130 In the seventh century B.C. 67 00:04:18,170 --> 00:04:20,620 we invented money. 68 00:04:20,620 --> 00:04:24,550 Ancient Greeks and Romans reserved work for slaves, 69 00:04:24,550 --> 00:04:28,070 while the elite indulged in nobler pursuits. 70 00:04:29,960 --> 00:04:33,770 In the middle ages, farming became a common occupation. 71 00:04:35,090 --> 00:04:38,400 During the renaissance, another vision emerged. 72 00:04:38,400 --> 00:04:43,000 Craftsmen created work that led to self-fulfillment. 73 00:04:43,000 --> 00:04:46,720 Work increasingly acquired value within our societies. 74 00:04:47,600 --> 00:04:50,570 By the 18th century, for Adam Smith, the father 75 00:04:50,570 --> 00:04:54,020 of capitalism, it had become central to the economy. 76 00:04:56,460 --> 00:05:00,120 In 1769m James Watt's steam engine 77 00:05:00,120 --> 00:05:02,650 heralded the industrial revolution 78 00:05:02,650 --> 00:05:04,500 and the mechanization of labor. 79 00:05:05,970 --> 00:05:08,770 The key to mass production was a combination 80 00:05:08,770 --> 00:05:11,010 of workers and machines. 81 00:05:12,620 --> 00:05:15,420 Having a job enabled you to earn a living 82 00:05:15,420 --> 00:05:18,810 and acquire social status, until it became 83 00:05:18,810 --> 00:05:22,100 the very essence of man, with Karl Marx. 84 00:05:23,790 --> 00:05:27,780 By the 20th century, productivity was the watchword, 85 00:05:27,780 --> 00:05:30,590 as in Henry Ford's factories. 86 00:05:30,590 --> 00:05:33,990 This system ensured some workers' rights. 87 00:05:33,990 --> 00:05:36,470 Paid vacation and fewer working hours 88 00:05:36,470 --> 00:05:39,170 helped establish a work-life balance. 89 00:05:40,140 --> 00:05:44,470 Today, computing tools, the internet and social networks 90 00:05:44,470 --> 00:05:47,190 have radically reshaped how we work. 91 00:05:50,500 --> 00:05:53,290 And I think that the real key for the future 92 00:05:53,290 --> 00:05:57,450 is autonomy and flexibility, that people will have more say 93 00:05:57,450 --> 00:06:00,940 about when and where they work, and they'll have more 94 00:06:00,940 --> 00:06:04,450 flexibility about the type of work that they decide to do. 95 00:06:07,755 --> 00:06:10,338 (serene music) 96 00:06:11,880 --> 00:06:14,360 This flexibility and autonomy 97 00:06:14,360 --> 00:06:15,850 will give us wings. 98 00:06:16,690 --> 00:06:19,910 In 2050, we will work everywhere. 99 00:06:20,900 --> 00:06:24,320 On mountaintops, along a riverbank, 100 00:06:24,320 --> 00:06:27,950 in the forest, or on the beach. 101 00:06:30,130 --> 00:06:33,200 According to a study by Stanford University, 102 00:06:33,200 --> 00:06:37,300 nature can boost our productivity by 30%. 103 00:06:38,970 --> 00:06:41,170 I think the new synonym when we think about work 104 00:06:41,170 --> 00:06:42,260 is gonna be life. 105 00:06:42,260 --> 00:06:44,580 Life, work, work, life. 106 00:06:44,580 --> 00:06:47,780 I thinks it's all feeding together, which is why we call it 107 00:06:47,780 --> 00:06:51,260 work-life integration and less about work-life balance. 108 00:06:51,260 --> 00:06:53,070 So I definitely think that that's the direction 109 00:06:53,070 --> 00:06:54,320 that we're going towards. 110 00:06:57,840 --> 00:06:59,000 In the Netherlands, 111 00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:01,340 with his fleet of small caravans, 112 00:07:01,340 --> 00:07:05,700 Frank Gorter is already well on the road to the future, 113 00:07:07,300 --> 00:07:10,210 a road of new adventures where boundaries 114 00:07:10,210 --> 00:07:13,610 between professional and private could vanish. 115 00:07:17,250 --> 00:07:19,670 We all have become digital nomads. 116 00:07:19,670 --> 00:07:21,250 We can work anywhere we want. 117 00:07:21,250 --> 00:07:25,870 We can decide to go outside, then transform this 118 00:07:25,870 --> 00:07:27,370 into our working daily life. 119 00:07:44,850 --> 00:07:48,970 You can think about the future in two ways. 120 00:07:48,970 --> 00:07:53,090 You can maybe think the future as something 121 00:07:53,090 --> 00:07:56,230 where we can find the solution to our problems 122 00:07:56,230 --> 00:07:58,460 through technology. 123 00:07:58,460 --> 00:08:02,940 But the second way is maybe a way which 124 00:08:03,830 --> 00:08:08,500 sort of goes back to an old idea that nature provides us 125 00:08:08,500 --> 00:08:10,150 actually already with everything. 126 00:08:21,551 --> 00:08:25,160 The Kantoor Karavaan is an idea we started 127 00:08:25,160 --> 00:08:27,200 about one and a half years ago. 128 00:08:27,200 --> 00:08:28,840 We thought it was a good idea to 129 00:08:30,070 --> 00:08:33,880 use mobile caravans for offices. 130 00:08:33,880 --> 00:08:36,840 It's mobile, so we can go to the most remote, 131 00:08:36,840 --> 00:08:37,880 beautiful places. 132 00:08:37,880 --> 00:08:40,250 To be able to combine work with 133 00:08:42,511 --> 00:08:45,550 the peace and the quietness of nature 134 00:08:45,550 --> 00:08:49,610 and the values we normally don't 135 00:08:49,610 --> 00:08:52,250 experience in our normal day of work. 136 00:09:01,470 --> 00:09:04,580 Being able to work in these places gives inspiration. 137 00:09:06,120 --> 00:09:11,080 You can sit alongside the water in your shorts. 138 00:09:11,080 --> 00:09:12,280 I mean, why not? 139 00:09:12,280 --> 00:09:15,210 Why is recreation something else as work, 140 00:09:15,210 --> 00:09:17,420 and why not combine it a little bit, 141 00:09:17,420 --> 00:09:20,730 that you can relax and work at the same time? 142 00:09:27,340 --> 00:09:30,680 We started the Kontoor Karavaan with the idea 143 00:09:30,680 --> 00:09:35,680 that bringing people together in a different context 144 00:09:35,850 --> 00:09:38,950 does something with our relationships. 145 00:09:41,570 --> 00:09:43,570 We are working at the beach this week. 146 00:09:44,510 --> 00:09:46,360 We wondered whether you would be interested in meeting 147 00:09:46,360 --> 00:09:49,010 with us at the beach instead of at our boring office. 148 00:09:50,980 --> 00:09:53,770 If you have a conversation in this place 149 00:09:53,770 --> 00:09:56,250 or a conversation in your own office, 150 00:09:56,250 --> 00:09:59,890 I'm sure it will be different, or you're able to have 151 00:09:59,890 --> 00:10:02,770 much more direct communication with each other 152 00:10:03,620 --> 00:10:06,190 while wearing just your own clothes 153 00:10:06,190 --> 00:10:08,860 you normally wear where you find ... 154 00:10:08,860 --> 00:10:11,640 Which suits you because you choose them yourself. 155 00:10:11,640 --> 00:10:13,150 Got him. 156 00:10:13,150 --> 00:10:13,983 Thanks. 157 00:10:14,960 --> 00:10:18,000 In a way, the Kontoor Karavaan is being free, 158 00:10:18,000 --> 00:10:22,360 is being able to express yourself like you are not at work. 159 00:10:24,939 --> 00:10:27,830 (bouncy music) 160 00:10:27,830 --> 00:10:30,650 If we do become digital nomads, 161 00:10:30,650 --> 00:10:34,140 it's because we can now collaborate and work remotely. 162 00:10:35,790 --> 00:10:38,860 We are no longer tied to a specific place. 163 00:10:40,690 --> 00:10:44,340 The digital age will bring increasing de-materialization. 164 00:10:45,990 --> 00:10:48,340 I don't think that we'll see employees working 165 00:10:48,340 --> 00:10:50,950 nine to five every single day anymore. 166 00:10:50,950 --> 00:10:52,890 We're gonna see a mix of things. 167 00:10:52,890 --> 00:10:55,310 Sometimes in the office, sometimes from home, 168 00:10:55,310 --> 00:10:57,010 sometimes while they're traveling. 169 00:10:57,950 --> 00:11:00,110 The idea here, it's flexibility. 170 00:11:00,110 --> 00:11:02,320 You take work with you regardless 171 00:11:02,320 --> 00:11:04,410 of where you are in the world. 172 00:11:04,410 --> 00:11:06,710 It's either in your pocket on a smartphone. 173 00:11:06,710 --> 00:11:09,470 It's gonna be on the goggles that you take with you. 174 00:11:09,470 --> 00:11:11,000 But regardless of where you are, 175 00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:12,890 you're just gonna be able to sit down and work. 176 00:11:12,890 --> 00:11:14,090 It doesn't matter where. 177 00:11:19,710 --> 00:11:22,430 Flexibility comes from a new tool 178 00:11:22,430 --> 00:11:25,030 that eclipses Skype, FaceTime 179 00:11:25,030 --> 00:11:27,490 and other old-school connections. 180 00:11:28,770 --> 00:11:31,640 We can be present anywhere, anytime 181 00:11:31,640 --> 00:11:35,070 in the form of VR avatars or holograms. 182 00:11:37,320 --> 00:11:41,580 But the flip side is, if we can be present anywhere, 183 00:11:41,580 --> 00:11:46,580 so can our boss, just like Marty McFly's boss. 184 00:11:47,420 --> 00:11:48,253 McFly! 185 00:11:49,800 --> 00:11:52,300 Fujitsu-san, konichiwa! 186 00:11:52,300 --> 00:11:53,133 McFly! 187 00:11:54,020 --> 00:11:57,270 I was monitoring that scan you just interfaced. 188 00:11:57,270 --> 00:11:58,670 You are terminated! 189 00:11:58,670 --> 00:11:59,503 Terminated? 190 00:11:59,503 --> 00:12:00,760 No, no! 191 00:12:00,760 --> 00:12:01,870 It wasn't my fault, sir! 192 00:12:01,870 --> 00:12:03,177 It was Needles, Needles was behind 193 00:12:03,177 --> 00:12:04,480 the whole thing! And you cooperated! 194 00:12:04,480 --> 00:12:05,423 No I ... 195 00:12:05,423 --> 00:12:06,688 It was a sting operation. It was illegal 196 00:12:06,688 --> 00:12:08,490 and you knew. I was setting him up. 197 00:12:08,490 --> 00:12:11,190 Red my fax! No, no, please, no! 198 00:12:11,190 --> 00:12:12,560 I cannot be fired! 199 00:12:12,560 --> 00:12:14,243 I'm fired! 200 00:12:14,243 --> 00:12:15,076 Agh! 201 00:12:20,300 --> 00:12:22,370 Queens University in Canada 202 00:12:22,370 --> 00:12:24,600 offers another vision of the future. 203 00:12:26,100 --> 00:12:29,410 Get ready for the tele-human. 204 00:12:29,410 --> 00:12:33,440 It's an age-old dream allowing us to be at the office 205 00:12:33,440 --> 00:12:35,320 without actually having to go. 206 00:12:38,990 --> 00:12:42,050 I can foresee a future in which people 207 00:12:42,050 --> 00:12:44,590 don't necessarily show up at work anymore. 208 00:12:44,590 --> 00:12:47,160 They just telepresence in. 209 00:12:47,160 --> 00:12:49,300 But that will only be effective 210 00:12:49,300 --> 00:12:52,930 if the telepresence is 100% accurate. 211 00:13:18,406 --> 00:13:19,633 Hey, Lihiru. 212 00:13:19,633 --> 00:13:20,466 Hey, Roel 213 00:13:20,466 --> 00:13:21,550 Where are you right now? 214 00:13:21,550 --> 00:13:23,500 Oh, I'm in Sri Lanka. 215 00:13:23,500 --> 00:13:25,830 If I hear someone walking past my office 216 00:13:25,830 --> 00:13:29,990 or into the kitchen, maybe I decide I wanna just hang out, 217 00:13:29,990 --> 00:13:31,490 have a friendly chat. 218 00:13:31,490 --> 00:13:33,260 And these kinds of casual interactions 219 00:13:33,260 --> 00:13:35,670 where I don't have to set up a network connection, 220 00:13:35,670 --> 00:13:38,000 I don't have to call someone, I don't have to email them 221 00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:40,600 in order to know when they're there are lost. 222 00:13:41,650 --> 00:13:43,420 So are you gonna talk to some other people? 223 00:13:43,420 --> 00:13:44,710 Yup, yup. 224 00:13:44,710 --> 00:13:46,960 All right, I'll see you in a bit, okay? 225 00:13:48,320 --> 00:13:50,730 A robot has all sorts of connotations. 226 00:13:51,600 --> 00:13:54,820 It has to get through thresholds, it can bump into you. 227 00:13:54,820 --> 00:13:57,860 A drone is much more lightweight, can get more places, 228 00:13:57,860 --> 00:14:00,950 and allows you to essentially show a person 229 00:14:01,810 --> 00:14:04,730 roaming your workplace, so it's one attempt 230 00:14:04,730 --> 00:14:08,470 to at least investigate how can we walk around 231 00:14:08,470 --> 00:14:12,500 our office space remotely without heavy-handed equipment, 232 00:14:13,370 --> 00:14:14,820 while keeping it lightweight. 233 00:14:18,290 --> 00:14:20,670 Well I started life as a musician. 234 00:14:20,670 --> 00:14:25,670 And one of the things I noticed is that you can't really 235 00:14:25,740 --> 00:14:29,370 communicate emotions very well with a computer 236 00:14:29,370 --> 00:14:32,300 like you can with a musical instrument. 237 00:14:32,300 --> 00:14:36,988 What I mean by that is, like a caress or a touch. 238 00:14:36,988 --> 00:14:39,930 The subtlety with which you can play a violin 239 00:14:39,930 --> 00:14:43,050 is completely lost in the computer world. 240 00:14:43,050 --> 00:14:46,480 That eye contact doesn't just have this emotional effect. 241 00:14:46,480 --> 00:14:50,070 It has a very, very important purpose 242 00:14:50,070 --> 00:14:52,990 in orchestrating and managing business meetings. 243 00:14:52,990 --> 00:14:55,500 So in order to be able to have effective 244 00:14:55,500 --> 00:14:59,440 business presentations, the be able to negotiate contracts, 245 00:14:59,440 --> 00:15:02,800 which are very subtle, at a distance, 246 00:15:02,800 --> 00:15:06,510 it is crucial that we don't just preserve 247 00:15:06,510 --> 00:15:09,270 a flat image of your face, 248 00:15:09,270 --> 00:15:11,970 but that we actually preserve your entire persona. 249 00:15:25,270 --> 00:15:27,910 So the tele-human is the world's first 250 00:15:27,910 --> 00:15:30,990 pseudo-holographic video conferencing experience. 251 00:15:32,660 --> 00:15:36,140 So we capture this video of a person in 3-D, 252 00:15:36,140 --> 00:15:40,210 full surround 3-D video, and then project it 253 00:15:40,210 --> 00:15:43,770 into a tube, life-size. 254 00:15:43,770 --> 00:15:45,840 But what that means is we actually have 255 00:15:45,840 --> 00:15:49,660 a virtual camera there, and that virtual camera 256 00:15:49,660 --> 00:15:51,500 is connected to your viewpoint. 257 00:15:51,500 --> 00:15:54,730 And then as you walk around, the camera, the virtual camera 258 00:15:54,730 --> 00:15:59,080 changes around the model and shows a different side. 259 00:16:06,610 --> 00:16:09,820 So I feel very privileged and a kid in the candy store 260 00:16:11,220 --> 00:16:15,590 that we can do this and we have a lot of satisfaction 261 00:16:15,590 --> 00:16:18,660 just from having the idea, and then we have 262 00:16:18,660 --> 00:16:21,150 a lot of satisfaction from seeing the first prototype 263 00:16:21,150 --> 00:16:23,200 and it actually works and it's actually 264 00:16:23,200 --> 00:16:25,340 just like we imagined or better, 265 00:16:25,340 --> 00:16:27,100 or there are things that we couldn't even imagine, 266 00:16:27,100 --> 00:16:29,080 and, "Oh my god, it's doing that!" 267 00:16:29,080 --> 00:16:31,940 so it's a real privilege being able to do this. 268 00:16:34,795 --> 00:16:36,600 (ethereal music) 269 00:16:36,600 --> 00:16:40,410 Workspaces are crying out for transformation. 270 00:16:40,410 --> 00:16:44,050 Most young workers don't want a conventional office. 271 00:16:46,080 --> 00:16:49,550 They're determined not to experience this. 272 00:17:00,940 --> 00:17:02,556 Need some help? 273 00:17:02,556 --> 00:17:06,440 Yeah, yeah, I'm looking for station 15, sector eight. 274 00:17:08,490 --> 00:17:11,650 Creatives of all types embody this new wave 275 00:17:11,650 --> 00:17:13,880 of independent professionals, 276 00:17:13,880 --> 00:17:18,330 a generation that dreams of freer, more open workspaces. 277 00:17:20,470 --> 00:17:24,300 In 2050, companies will need to use their imagination 278 00:17:24,300 --> 00:17:25,700 to attract workers. 279 00:17:27,040 --> 00:17:30,350 Those who provide a safe haven will win the day. 280 00:17:32,900 --> 00:17:34,850 I don't think companies in the future necessarily 281 00:17:34,850 --> 00:17:37,630 have to create what I like to call Pinocchio's island. 282 00:17:37,630 --> 00:17:40,860 It's not just about, "How do we create free food 283 00:17:40,860 --> 00:17:44,090 "and free drinks and unlimited perks?" 284 00:17:44,090 --> 00:17:46,160 I don't think we need to go that far. 285 00:17:46,160 --> 00:17:48,340 When the technology companies think about the future, 286 00:17:48,340 --> 00:17:50,760 what you see is an office which has people 287 00:17:50,760 --> 00:17:54,550 playing ping pong balls and sleeping in these little nests, 288 00:17:54,550 --> 00:17:58,360 and maybe coming down on one of these slides. 289 00:17:58,360 --> 00:18:01,770 But the truth is that although those are interesting 290 00:18:01,770 --> 00:18:03,280 they're just superficial. 291 00:18:05,900 --> 00:18:08,090 If we want to feel good at work, 292 00:18:08,090 --> 00:18:11,160 we should listen to our bodies first. 293 00:18:11,160 --> 00:18:13,720 All over the world, designers are busy 294 00:18:13,720 --> 00:18:16,310 refining the workstations of tomorrow. 295 00:18:17,300 --> 00:18:21,800 Standing, lying down, in semi-levitation, 296 00:18:21,800 --> 00:18:23,740 Why not playing hamsters, even? 297 00:18:27,700 --> 00:18:29,990 Two brothers in Amsterdam have created 298 00:18:29,990 --> 00:18:33,240 an experimental workspace that's halfway between 299 00:18:33,240 --> 00:18:36,090 modern art and a science laboratory. 300 00:18:37,320 --> 00:18:41,010 It's called The End of Sitting. 301 00:18:44,290 --> 00:18:48,140 For us, The End of Sitting is a thinking model. 302 00:18:48,140 --> 00:18:49,630 It's a vision on the future 303 00:18:49,630 --> 00:18:52,180 that allows people to experience the future. 304 00:18:53,410 --> 00:18:57,510 What we wanted to do was create a kind of art installation 305 00:18:58,460 --> 00:19:01,820 that envisions the office of the future. 306 00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:06,000 And in this vision, the table and the chair 307 00:19:06,000 --> 00:19:07,310 doesn't exist anymore. 308 00:19:23,780 --> 00:19:28,340 The End of Sitting is a project for a longterm perspective. 309 00:19:28,340 --> 00:19:30,130 It has to change a culture, 310 00:19:30,130 --> 00:19:34,520 and changing a kind of daily practice costs time, 311 00:19:34,520 --> 00:19:37,030 because people are used to tables and chairs, 312 00:19:37,030 --> 00:19:40,870 and they have to switch to a completely new situation. 313 00:19:41,730 --> 00:19:44,690 If you work for eight hours a day behind a desk, 314 00:19:44,690 --> 00:19:47,680 and you travel to your work by car or by public transport, 315 00:19:47,680 --> 00:19:51,200 going home, sitting at night behind a television, 316 00:19:51,200 --> 00:19:53,810 you are sitting for 12 hours a day. 317 00:19:53,810 --> 00:19:55,850 It's extremely bad for your health. 318 00:19:57,250 --> 00:19:59,540 In these days of human evolution, 319 00:19:59,540 --> 00:20:02,910 it's important to make non-sitting environments, 320 00:20:02,910 --> 00:20:06,400 to generate behavioral change and to have people 321 00:20:06,400 --> 00:20:08,410 change positions more often. 322 00:20:09,810 --> 00:20:13,540 Given that we are sitting by default normally, 323 00:20:14,410 --> 00:20:17,960 we need to make places, make worlds without chairs. 324 00:20:23,970 --> 00:20:26,070 A few year ago we got a question to think about 325 00:20:26,070 --> 00:20:27,320 the office of the future. 326 00:20:28,834 --> 00:20:31,340 And we thought, what would it be like 327 00:20:31,340 --> 00:20:34,640 having an office environment without 328 00:20:34,640 --> 00:20:36,680 the standard architecture we know -- 329 00:20:36,680 --> 00:20:39,230 office tables and chairs -- 330 00:20:39,230 --> 00:20:43,320 and just started thinking from the human body. 331 00:20:43,320 --> 00:20:47,950 So what could you then create a new office environment 332 00:20:47,950 --> 00:20:51,130 starting from the body instead of starting 333 00:20:51,130 --> 00:20:53,230 from the perspective of making a building. 334 00:20:57,310 --> 00:20:59,860 For us the well-being of the people working 335 00:21:01,039 --> 00:21:03,031 in this environment is really important, 336 00:21:03,031 --> 00:21:05,610 which is why we've invited empirical researchers 337 00:21:05,610 --> 00:21:07,270 to investigate it. 338 00:21:07,270 --> 00:21:11,430 And the first indication is that people report that 339 00:21:11,430 --> 00:21:14,320 this kind of environment is better for their well-being. 340 00:21:14,320 --> 00:21:17,420 This kind of environment gets people more playful. 341 00:21:19,433 --> 00:21:21,210 It gets people out of their books, 342 00:21:21,210 --> 00:21:24,820 out of their conventional ways of working. 343 00:21:24,820 --> 00:21:28,070 It breaks the traditional hierarchies. 344 00:21:28,070 --> 00:21:32,210 So it gets people, yeah, 345 00:21:32,210 --> 00:21:34,600 more experimental, more playful, 346 00:21:34,600 --> 00:21:39,600 and it breaks down the conventional ways of doing things. 347 00:21:39,760 --> 00:21:42,350 I think one of the reasons why people get so playful 348 00:21:42,350 --> 00:21:45,240 when they get into this environment is that 349 00:21:45,240 --> 00:21:47,920 they remember the time that they were kids 350 00:21:47,920 --> 00:21:50,510 and were far more active than they are nowadays 351 00:21:50,510 --> 00:21:52,940 and were jumping from surface to surface. 352 00:22:01,570 --> 00:22:04,660 For sure what will be clear is that you just 353 00:22:04,660 --> 00:22:07,100 are not sitting in one position anymore 354 00:22:07,100 --> 00:22:10,680 during the whole day but that you are continuously moving. 355 00:22:10,680 --> 00:22:12,810 The technique is not a problem anymore. 356 00:22:12,810 --> 00:22:16,800 It's just your body and the way you are living 357 00:22:16,800 --> 00:22:19,450 in this landscape, working in this landscape, 358 00:22:19,450 --> 00:22:20,950 together with your colleagues. 359 00:22:22,350 --> 00:22:23,800 That it's a kind of new world. 360 00:22:23,800 --> 00:22:27,480 It's not just a piece of furniture by trying to envision 361 00:22:27,480 --> 00:22:30,740 completely new world where everybody is kind of part of. 362 00:22:36,864 --> 00:22:40,697 (intriguing electronic music) 363 00:22:42,290 --> 00:22:46,520 In 2050, after we ditch the desk and chair, 364 00:22:46,520 --> 00:22:49,100 we'll be ready to go hands-free. 365 00:22:50,310 --> 00:22:53,880 No more laptops, tablets or smartphones. 366 00:22:55,170 --> 00:22:57,840 Gone is the tyranny of the screen. 367 00:22:59,850 --> 00:23:03,770 With augmented reality, the computer is everywhere, 368 00:23:03,770 --> 00:23:07,410 and we can command it with a wink or a wave. 369 00:23:11,600 --> 00:23:13,100 We're definitely gonna see augmented 370 00:23:13,100 --> 00:23:15,415 and virtual reality in the workplace. 371 00:23:15,415 --> 00:23:17,850 You're gonna be able to go to a meeting 372 00:23:17,850 --> 00:23:20,670 just by flipping down the glasses that you have on. 373 00:23:20,670 --> 00:23:23,320 Or perhaps these are things that are already 374 00:23:23,320 --> 00:23:24,890 gonna be implanted in your eyes 375 00:23:24,890 --> 00:23:27,680 like contact lenses that you could put on. 376 00:23:27,680 --> 00:23:31,080 So we're gonna see really amazing things come down the pike 377 00:23:31,080 --> 00:23:34,670 as far as technology in the workplace. 378 00:23:34,670 --> 00:23:36,420 But basically if you can imagine it 379 00:23:36,420 --> 00:23:38,620 and if you can think about it, it's coming. 380 00:23:40,860 --> 00:23:43,320 In San Francisco, Alberto Torres 381 00:23:43,320 --> 00:23:45,840 is planning this revolution. 382 00:23:45,840 --> 00:23:48,910 It will transform our work lives as radically 383 00:23:48,910 --> 00:23:51,180 as the computer or the internet. 384 00:23:57,080 --> 00:23:58,670 I think with augmented reality 385 00:23:58,670 --> 00:24:01,930 we can really change dramatically 386 00:24:01,930 --> 00:24:05,530 the actual careers and work that people perform. 387 00:24:05,530 --> 00:24:08,030 This is really about being in the place 388 00:24:08,030 --> 00:24:09,780 but then making that place magical. 389 00:24:25,960 --> 00:24:28,120 I have personally been aware of augmented reality 390 00:24:28,120 --> 00:24:31,800 for many years from movies and different 391 00:24:33,636 --> 00:24:34,660 research and so forth. 392 00:24:34,660 --> 00:24:37,970 But when I really realized 393 00:24:37,970 --> 00:24:40,290 the potential of augmented reality 394 00:24:40,290 --> 00:24:42,240 I was building mobile devices. 395 00:24:43,320 --> 00:24:44,820 And we realized that there was a problem 396 00:24:44,820 --> 00:24:45,653 with mobile devices. 397 00:24:45,653 --> 00:24:49,730 Mobile devices are always too small when you interact 398 00:24:49,730 --> 00:24:53,170 with them, and they're always too big when you're not. 399 00:24:53,170 --> 00:24:56,460 So you want to be able to create a rich experience, 400 00:24:56,460 --> 00:24:59,810 a very large, immersive experience 401 00:24:59,810 --> 00:25:01,230 from a very small form factor. 402 00:25:01,230 --> 00:25:06,070 And then I realized that glasses was a way to create that. 403 00:25:15,190 --> 00:25:19,000 Augmented reality is the next generation of computing. 404 00:25:19,000 --> 00:25:21,040 The next generation of computing for several things. 405 00:25:21,040 --> 00:25:25,670 First of all, we are able to create very rich images, 406 00:25:25,670 --> 00:25:29,410 3-D images, large images, multiple screens, 407 00:25:29,410 --> 00:25:31,430 all of those in the world around you. 408 00:25:32,330 --> 00:25:35,050 Second, you're able to interact with it 409 00:25:35,050 --> 00:25:37,770 in a very natural way, so you're able to use gestures 410 00:25:37,770 --> 00:25:41,210 and voice and head traction, all your movements, 411 00:25:41,210 --> 00:25:42,970 to interact with information that you find. 412 00:25:42,970 --> 00:25:45,350 And third, it's very contextual. 413 00:25:45,350 --> 00:25:49,010 So the computer knows where you are. 414 00:25:49,010 --> 00:25:52,080 It actually knows what it's seeing. 415 00:25:52,080 --> 00:25:54,730 It's really built around you. 416 00:25:54,730 --> 00:25:57,390 And that creates a completely new generation 417 00:25:57,390 --> 00:25:58,390 of mobile computing. 418 00:26:07,170 --> 00:26:09,200 Augmented reality has the potential 419 00:26:09,200 --> 00:26:11,480 to make us all more productive. 420 00:26:11,480 --> 00:26:15,240 Because whatever job you're doing, and allow you 421 00:26:15,240 --> 00:26:19,120 to do that while you use your hands on the job, 422 00:26:19,120 --> 00:26:22,350 you can really take a lot of time from the actual job. 423 00:26:22,350 --> 00:26:25,880 Another really important thing is you might actually 424 00:26:25,880 --> 00:26:30,580 be able to get a job done by someone that has less skill 425 00:26:30,580 --> 00:26:35,490 or might not need to travel to a particular location 426 00:26:35,490 --> 00:26:40,020 because a person can literally see what the person 427 00:26:40,020 --> 00:26:44,990 in the field is doing and provide very detailed instructions 428 00:26:44,990 --> 00:26:47,840 and information to the person conducting the field. 429 00:26:47,840 --> 00:26:50,870 Therefore you can save a significant amount of money 430 00:26:50,870 --> 00:26:51,830 for many companies. 431 00:26:54,970 --> 00:26:57,600 You can imagine for example a surgeon 432 00:26:57,600 --> 00:27:01,570 that is being augmented through both information 433 00:27:01,570 --> 00:27:05,770 and collaboration from third parties to help them save lives 434 00:27:05,770 --> 00:27:08,980 and do even more and more complex applications 435 00:27:08,980 --> 00:27:11,830 and procedures that they wouldn't be able to do otherwise. 436 00:27:11,830 --> 00:27:15,070 And hopefully it will also help enhance collaboration 437 00:27:15,070 --> 00:27:18,020 and make people work in teams better. 438 00:27:18,020 --> 00:27:22,055 So ideally it will be driving a better world 439 00:27:22,055 --> 00:27:24,380 for the workers of the future. 440 00:27:29,800 --> 00:27:34,290 In 2050, digital technologies are omnipresent. 441 00:27:34,290 --> 00:27:37,410 We constantly generate our digital footprints. 442 00:27:38,890 --> 00:27:42,240 An ever expanding library of our lives, 443 00:27:42,240 --> 00:27:45,180 big data will monitor our work performance. 444 00:27:46,660 --> 00:27:50,410 Analyzing this mass of information is a huge task. 445 00:27:51,500 --> 00:27:55,940 Big data can help reward results and identify potential, 446 00:27:57,380 --> 00:28:01,220 but is it just one step away from Big Brother? 447 00:28:03,800 --> 00:28:07,670 So imagine a super-advanced version of Siri 448 00:28:07,670 --> 00:28:10,690 or Amazon Echo inside of your company, 449 00:28:10,690 --> 00:28:13,180 that knows everybody that works there 450 00:28:13,180 --> 00:28:15,810 and everything that is possible to know about them, 451 00:28:15,810 --> 00:28:19,700 using big data and analytics, wearable devices. 452 00:28:19,700 --> 00:28:22,570 So you're gonna have an enormous amount of data 453 00:28:22,570 --> 00:28:25,910 about all of your employees, and through that data 454 00:28:25,910 --> 00:28:28,570 you're gonna be able to create and give experiences 455 00:28:28,570 --> 00:28:30,290 that they genuinely care about. 456 00:28:33,530 --> 00:28:36,630 At MIT in Boston, Sandy Pentland 457 00:28:36,630 --> 00:28:39,550 aims to analyze this flood of information. 458 00:28:40,630 --> 00:28:44,510 He dreams of making big data a force for good. 459 00:28:48,350 --> 00:28:51,730 Well the part that's interesting about big data is that, 460 00:28:51,730 --> 00:28:54,900 for the first time, we can actually understand 461 00:28:54,900 --> 00:28:57,030 human behavior like never before. 462 00:29:16,377 --> 00:29:20,420 The approach we have is a very French approach. 463 00:29:20,420 --> 00:29:25,420 It's inspired by the term "social physics" from Quetelet, 464 00:29:26,210 --> 00:29:30,370 the idea of applying statistic to human behavior 465 00:29:30,370 --> 00:29:32,770 so that we can better understand human behavior. 466 00:29:33,790 --> 00:29:36,250 And the sort of thing we do is we build 467 00:29:36,250 --> 00:29:39,100 these little main badges like this 468 00:29:39,100 --> 00:29:41,270 with a little bit of electronics on them. 469 00:29:41,270 --> 00:29:43,860 And people wear them just like they wear name badges 470 00:29:43,860 --> 00:29:46,920 in normal corporations today. 471 00:29:46,920 --> 00:29:51,110 Except these keep track of where are their conversations. 472 00:29:51,110 --> 00:29:53,770 They don't record any words or anything like that, 473 00:29:53,770 --> 00:29:57,850 but they keep track of, when do people talk to each other, 474 00:29:57,850 --> 00:29:59,850 who do they talk to? 475 00:29:59,850 --> 00:30:02,080 And then what we do is we allow people 476 00:30:02,080 --> 00:30:05,780 to see visualizations of the data, not the data itself. 477 00:30:05,780 --> 00:30:10,450 So you get to see things like, "Oh, these groups 478 00:30:10,450 --> 00:30:12,770 "talk together more than those groups do." 479 00:30:12,770 --> 00:30:15,610 so it's a visualization so you can sort of understand 480 00:30:15,610 --> 00:30:18,840 the pulse of the company, the feeling 481 00:30:18,840 --> 00:30:22,290 of how things are happening, the social environment. 482 00:30:28,430 --> 00:30:30,125 And I very quickly realized 483 00:30:30,125 --> 00:30:32,260 that there was going to be all this data 484 00:30:32,260 --> 00:30:35,330 that people put out and that this was a problem. 485 00:30:36,800 --> 00:30:41,660 This sort of social information about how people interact 486 00:30:41,660 --> 00:30:45,240 and so forth is an example of Promethean fire. 487 00:30:45,240 --> 00:30:48,690 It could be very, very good, it could really make us 488 00:30:48,690 --> 00:30:51,560 much more socially intelligent and happier, 489 00:30:51,560 --> 00:30:54,760 but you can also abuse it and make it sort of a Big Brother, 490 00:30:54,760 --> 00:30:57,700 everybody is spying on you type of a thing. 491 00:30:59,352 --> 00:31:02,780 And it really comes down to who controls the data. 492 00:31:02,780 --> 00:31:06,530 So, in my future that I want, 493 00:31:06,530 --> 00:31:10,203 you control data that it is about you. 494 00:31:10,203 --> 00:31:13,820 But the aggregate data, the average data, 495 00:31:13,820 --> 00:31:15,940 does this group talk to that group, 496 00:31:15,940 --> 00:31:19,540 that's something that the company has rights to also. 497 00:31:19,540 --> 00:31:21,400 But they shouldn't be able to see 498 00:31:21,400 --> 00:31:24,200 when you go to the bathroom or that you talk 499 00:31:24,200 --> 00:31:28,630 to the new secretary a lot (chuckling) or things like that. 500 00:31:32,270 --> 00:31:34,860 So what we've learned about humans and work 501 00:31:36,020 --> 00:31:40,510 is really grounded in this foraging behavior we see. 502 00:31:42,020 --> 00:31:45,960 First of all, when people's habits begin to break down, 503 00:31:45,960 --> 00:31:49,540 that usually means that they're under some sort of stress. 504 00:31:49,540 --> 00:31:53,010 But more importantly what it tells us is that 505 00:31:53,010 --> 00:31:57,580 success in business is not about the smartest person 506 00:31:57,580 --> 00:31:59,410 or the greatest strategy. 507 00:31:59,410 --> 00:32:03,040 It's really about the flow of ideas between people. 508 00:32:03,040 --> 00:32:06,830 And what we find is, by giving this sort of social feedback 509 00:32:06,830 --> 00:32:10,580 about the social environment, you can dramatically 510 00:32:10,580 --> 00:32:14,060 improve productivity, you can improve innovation. 511 00:32:14,060 --> 00:32:18,680 You can also avoid lots of very serious mistakes. 512 00:32:27,870 --> 00:32:30,300 So the sort of thing that I think about 513 00:32:30,300 --> 00:32:33,960 for the future of work is much more empowerment 514 00:32:33,960 --> 00:32:38,720 of the individual to find new ideas and bring them in, 515 00:32:38,720 --> 00:32:42,710 and much less of the hierarchy that is traditional, 516 00:32:42,710 --> 00:32:46,730 much less of the job description that's a fixed description. 517 00:32:48,090 --> 00:32:50,190 And of course that has a lot of social change 518 00:32:50,190 --> 00:32:51,630 that goes with it. 519 00:32:54,731 --> 00:32:58,290 (intriguing electronic music) 520 00:32:58,290 --> 00:33:00,170 What if our very relationship 521 00:33:00,170 --> 00:33:01,770 with work changed? 522 00:33:04,630 --> 00:33:08,500 The culture of freelance work is fast gaining ground. 523 00:33:09,910 --> 00:33:13,000 More and more of us are declaring independence, 524 00:33:13,000 --> 00:33:15,980 choosing our own projects and workplaces. 525 00:33:17,160 --> 00:33:19,440 Thanks to digital platforms, we invent 526 00:33:19,440 --> 00:33:23,050 our own occupations and generate our own income. 527 00:33:24,410 --> 00:33:28,070 When we think about the worker, we imagine them 528 00:33:28,070 --> 00:33:31,670 always being located within a corporation. 529 00:33:31,670 --> 00:33:35,210 But actually, when we look to the future, many more jobs 530 00:33:35,210 --> 00:33:39,090 are going to be created by people themselves. 531 00:33:39,090 --> 00:33:41,330 Freelance work doesn't have the stability, 532 00:33:41,330 --> 00:33:45,580 the protections, the sense of getting benefits, 533 00:33:45,580 --> 00:33:49,000 and the fulfillment of the needs of the individual 534 00:33:49,000 --> 00:33:51,420 in the same way that full-time employment does, 535 00:33:51,420 --> 00:33:53,200 but that doesn't mean that we reject it 536 00:33:53,200 --> 00:33:55,150 in favor of full-time employment. 537 00:33:55,150 --> 00:33:57,060 What it means is that we have to construct 538 00:33:57,060 --> 00:34:01,750 a new social contract around this new model of work. 539 00:34:01,750 --> 00:34:04,410 These entrepreneurs live anywhere, 540 00:34:05,320 --> 00:34:08,010 from rural India to Western cities. 541 00:34:08,880 --> 00:34:12,220 They pool know-how and technological resources. 542 00:34:14,150 --> 00:34:16,547 I definitely think that the worker of tomorrow 543 00:34:16,547 --> 00:34:20,540 is gonna be more independent and creative and free. 544 00:34:20,540 --> 00:34:23,280 So we see this with the maker movement, with fab labs. 545 00:34:23,280 --> 00:34:25,820 We can go into an environment, you can work 546 00:34:25,820 --> 00:34:29,590 with other people and create things yourself. 547 00:34:29,590 --> 00:34:31,860 People's lives have been emptied of work. 548 00:34:31,860 --> 00:34:35,350 Work is not a burden, work is not a curse. 549 00:34:35,350 --> 00:34:39,640 Work is where we create the world in our everyday lives. 550 00:34:43,090 --> 00:34:44,780 In the Paris suburbs, 551 00:34:44,780 --> 00:34:48,350 one man dreams of a new relationship with work. 552 00:34:50,770 --> 00:34:54,090 Producing objects, sharing skills. 553 00:34:54,090 --> 00:34:58,430 It's a way to build community that he practices every day. 554 00:35:00,760 --> 00:35:03,760 It all happens at an old industrial site. 555 00:35:06,778 --> 00:35:07,611 (foreign language) 556 00:35:07,611 --> 00:35:09,210 Fab labs are the quintessence 557 00:35:09,210 --> 00:35:12,750 of what's happening in society today with a sharing economy. 558 00:35:13,700 --> 00:35:16,290 We have lots of technology to be used by people 559 00:35:16,290 --> 00:35:18,050 with very different motivations. 560 00:35:19,010 --> 00:35:21,640 It's the wealth of people rather than the diversity 561 00:35:21,640 --> 00:35:23,360 of machines that makes fab lab. 562 00:35:46,254 --> 00:35:48,640 I think the maker culture and fab labs 563 00:35:48,640 --> 00:35:50,330 are linked to the fact that we've lost 564 00:35:50,330 --> 00:35:52,580 our industrial production capacities. 565 00:35:56,040 --> 00:35:58,770 We've lost our factories and our work culture. 566 00:35:58,770 --> 00:36:00,110 We've lost workers. 567 00:36:00,110 --> 00:36:03,940 We can already see the risks of this roboticized aspect, 568 00:36:03,940 --> 00:36:06,820 which could turn us into objects rather than subjects. 569 00:36:07,820 --> 00:36:10,540 I think we're all applying a bit of techno-therapy 570 00:36:10,540 --> 00:36:13,310 thinking, "Our products are really complex. 571 00:36:13,310 --> 00:36:15,910 "I've no idea where or how they're made 572 00:36:15,910 --> 00:36:17,390 "or how I might repair them." 573 00:36:20,050 --> 00:36:23,360 Coming here is a way of taking back the means of production. 574 00:36:25,670 --> 00:36:28,290 I myself assembled a 3-D printer, 575 00:36:28,290 --> 00:36:30,830 and I think that's almost the alpha and omega 576 00:36:30,830 --> 00:36:31,930 of that movement. 577 00:36:31,930 --> 00:36:36,150 Before buying the machine, try making the machine yourself. 578 00:36:53,430 --> 00:36:56,570 What motivated us was having a receptacle of ideas 579 00:36:56,570 --> 00:37:00,350 and creativity that our production process didn't have. 580 00:37:00,350 --> 00:37:03,340 When it comes to production, lots of ordinary people 581 00:37:03,340 --> 00:37:06,360 have ideas, people who aren't necessarily working 582 00:37:06,360 --> 00:37:11,330 for big companies but who can indeed be useful to society. 583 00:37:15,695 --> 00:37:17,440 Here we're trying to build a model 584 00:37:17,440 --> 00:37:20,040 that isn't necessarily monetized. 585 00:37:20,040 --> 00:37:23,160 So it's not about paying the people who come. 586 00:37:23,160 --> 00:37:24,680 It's about their contribution. 587 00:37:26,530 --> 00:37:28,760 It means the whole chain of object design 588 00:37:28,760 --> 00:37:32,370 must be done differently with open source. 589 00:37:32,370 --> 00:37:34,360 And the same goes for the available machines 590 00:37:34,360 --> 00:37:36,250 which are built on open models. 591 00:37:38,010 --> 00:37:40,890 We know the 3-D printer, but there's the digital 592 00:37:40,890 --> 00:37:44,750 milling machine, the laser cutter, et cetera. 593 00:37:44,750 --> 00:37:47,850 What we do is give these new means of production 594 00:37:47,850 --> 00:37:50,070 to people who aren't salaried workers. 595 00:37:50,070 --> 00:37:52,790 That approach is central to our project. 596 00:38:04,305 --> 00:38:08,640 I think that in 2050 there'll be many such places 597 00:38:08,640 --> 00:38:12,300 in lots of towns where people will socialize, 598 00:38:12,300 --> 00:38:15,490 pool resources and share production. 599 00:38:15,490 --> 00:38:17,950 I grew up in a village, and I'm astonished to see 600 00:38:17,950 --> 00:38:21,450 that the sharing economy just reinvents the village model. 601 00:38:21,450 --> 00:38:23,320 In my village today there's no longer 602 00:38:23,320 --> 00:38:25,490 the trade there was 40 years ago. 603 00:38:25,490 --> 00:38:28,100 In cities in 40 years time, they'll have 604 00:38:28,100 --> 00:38:30,680 the trade we had in villages 40 years ago. 605 00:38:34,710 --> 00:38:38,400 (bouncy electronic music) 606 00:38:38,400 --> 00:38:41,760 And in 40 years, we'll be forging bonds 607 00:38:41,760 --> 00:38:44,940 with a new kind of employee: robots. 608 00:38:46,760 --> 00:38:49,270 How will they fit in with us? 609 00:38:49,270 --> 00:38:52,310 They'll be everywhere: factories, 610 00:38:52,310 --> 00:38:55,950 warehouses, stores, even hospitals. 611 00:38:58,340 --> 00:39:02,480 If you imagine jobs from highly skilled to low skills, 612 00:39:02,480 --> 00:39:06,790 then you see that right now those jobs 613 00:39:06,790 --> 00:39:08,930 in the middle are being destroyed. 614 00:39:08,930 --> 00:39:13,780 And the reason for that is that AI in particular 615 00:39:13,780 --> 00:39:16,610 is able to do any job that's routine. 616 00:39:16,610 --> 00:39:19,490 You just have to ask yourself, if you can write down 617 00:39:19,490 --> 00:39:21,940 the steps of your job on a piece of paper 618 00:39:21,940 --> 00:39:24,150 and hand it to somebody else to do, 619 00:39:24,150 --> 00:39:26,920 chances are that job is gonna be automated. 620 00:39:29,960 --> 00:39:32,720 Should we fear that these tireless employees 621 00:39:32,720 --> 00:39:36,200 with amazing capacities will take our jobs? 622 00:39:37,330 --> 00:39:40,280 Will security guards, delivery drivers 623 00:39:40,280 --> 00:39:42,340 and gardeners disappear? 624 00:39:44,320 --> 00:39:49,320 Not to mention bank tellers, taxi drivers, even barmen. 625 00:39:50,240 --> 00:39:53,920 Just because technology know has the capabilities 626 00:39:53,920 --> 00:39:57,080 to do as well or better what human beings have to do 627 00:39:57,080 --> 00:39:59,730 doesn't mean that we will instantly see 628 00:39:59,730 --> 00:40:02,300 digital technologies replace the human beings. 629 00:40:02,300 --> 00:40:06,120 It's a process of social, cultural, political adjustment. 630 00:40:06,120 --> 00:40:08,710 A lot of the ideas that people are starting to have 631 00:40:08,710 --> 00:40:11,430 is that we need to work with the robots, 632 00:40:11,430 --> 00:40:14,850 with software, with automation, not against it. 633 00:40:14,850 --> 00:40:18,570 It's not a "us versus them" it's a "us with them". 634 00:40:20,890 --> 00:40:23,080 Rodolphe Gelin has a dream: 635 00:40:23,080 --> 00:40:26,900 to make a robot that is our most loyal colleague 636 00:40:26,900 --> 00:40:30,570 rather than our toughest competitor -- a friend. 637 00:40:34,283 --> 00:40:35,116 (foreign language) 638 00:40:35,116 --> 00:40:37,250 Do robots make the best colleagues? 639 00:40:37,250 --> 00:40:40,280 We who love our robots, who make robots to help people, 640 00:40:40,280 --> 00:40:41,620 are convinced of it. 641 00:41:08,080 --> 00:41:10,680 In general, we'll use robots in our jobs 642 00:41:10,680 --> 00:41:14,000 to help us do our jobs better, and only do 643 00:41:14,000 --> 00:41:16,280 what's needed to provide human-added value. 644 00:41:18,110 --> 00:41:20,790 For example, robots will do the painful, heavy, 645 00:41:20,790 --> 00:41:23,720 repetitive work, and humans will add their expertise 646 00:41:23,720 --> 00:41:26,580 where their eye or judgment is needed for the job, 647 00:41:26,580 --> 00:41:29,540 something that would be complicated to explain to a robot. 648 00:41:32,990 --> 00:41:33,890 What is your name? 649 00:41:34,930 --> 00:41:36,660 My name is Pepa. 650 00:41:36,660 --> 00:41:38,440 [Rodolphe Voiceover] How old are you? 651 00:41:38,440 --> 00:41:39,772 One year old. 652 00:41:39,772 --> 00:41:42,106 I'm still really young. 653 00:41:42,106 --> 00:41:43,020 [Rodolphe Voiceover] Who made you? 654 00:41:43,020 --> 00:41:43,853 I was designed 655 00:41:43,853 --> 00:41:46,480 in the offices of Aldebaran in Paris. 656 00:41:50,257 --> 00:41:51,470 [Rodolphe Voiceover] My encounter with robots 657 00:41:51,470 --> 00:41:54,510 came through computing with programmable calculators 658 00:41:54,510 --> 00:41:56,040 before computers existed. 659 00:41:58,110 --> 00:41:59,810 I was fascinated by the intelligence 660 00:41:59,810 --> 00:42:01,430 you could encode in a machine. 661 00:42:02,490 --> 00:42:03,860 It was a shame that it was restricted 662 00:42:03,860 --> 00:42:05,640 to displays on tiny screens. 663 00:42:06,940 --> 00:42:08,740 There was no graphic interface then. 664 00:42:10,920 --> 00:42:12,930 So I wanted to make this machine move 665 00:42:12,930 --> 00:42:14,950 and show that computing intelligence 666 00:42:14,950 --> 00:42:17,610 could also move objects and affect the environment. 667 00:42:23,480 --> 00:42:25,140 How may I help you. 668 00:42:27,204 --> 00:42:28,560 [Rodolphe Voiceover] Fluid communication 669 00:42:28,560 --> 00:42:31,420 with a robot is the main challenge. 670 00:42:32,380 --> 00:42:34,530 It's vital that this dialogue, 671 00:42:34,530 --> 00:42:37,370 mainly oral but also physical, 672 00:42:37,370 --> 00:42:39,750 be perfectly fluid and function fully. 673 00:42:44,350 --> 00:42:46,870 Our robots must learn by themselves, 674 00:42:46,870 --> 00:42:50,890 using deep learning-type techniques so that the robot, 675 00:42:50,890 --> 00:42:53,790 throughout his life, working with a human being, 676 00:42:53,790 --> 00:42:57,300 should adapt and improve and be able to learn new tasks. 677 00:42:58,630 --> 00:43:01,260 We can't ask people to program a robot 678 00:43:01,260 --> 00:43:02,900 in a sophisticated language. 679 00:43:04,410 --> 00:43:06,870 When a robot is shown a task, 680 00:43:06,870 --> 00:43:09,020 it must watch, understand, and repeat. 681 00:43:10,180 --> 00:43:11,280 Analyzing. 682 00:43:13,669 --> 00:43:16,123 [Rodolphe Voiceover] Ideally, according to our vision, 683 00:43:16,123 --> 00:43:17,990 a robot should be completely integrated 684 00:43:17,990 --> 00:43:20,300 in our physical and also mental environment. 685 00:43:23,739 --> 00:43:26,630 A robot that is attentive to us, that knows our habits 686 00:43:26,630 --> 00:43:28,910 and hence can anticipate our needs and say, 687 00:43:29,810 --> 00:43:31,830 "You usually drink a coffee at this hour. 688 00:43:31,830 --> 00:43:34,090 "Shall we go, or shall I fetch one?" 689 00:43:35,830 --> 00:43:39,300 It can also be, if the robot sees me print something, 690 00:43:39,300 --> 00:43:40,133 he fetches it. 691 00:43:41,269 --> 00:43:44,900 So they're no longer objects we order around. 692 00:43:44,900 --> 00:43:47,450 They're objects who offer their services naturally. 693 00:43:53,385 --> 00:43:56,035 We had to break the cliche that robots are dangerous. 694 00:43:57,990 --> 00:43:59,940 Robots can bring us so many benefits 695 00:43:59,940 --> 00:44:02,780 that they have a place among our future colleagues. 696 00:44:06,577 --> 00:44:09,327 (ethereal music) 697 00:44:14,020 --> 00:44:15,520 By mastering the tools 698 00:44:15,520 --> 00:44:18,810 we'll have in the future, we'll have the power 699 00:44:18,810 --> 00:44:22,560 to choose what role work should play in our lives. 700 00:44:24,700 --> 00:44:26,920 All the research we know about work, 701 00:44:26,920 --> 00:44:30,320 what the one thing we know is that great work 702 00:44:30,320 --> 00:44:33,300 and being able to do tasks that people find meaningful 703 00:44:33,300 --> 00:44:37,110 and interesting is really at the heart of happy, 704 00:44:37,110 --> 00:44:39,040 satisfied lives, and that's really 705 00:44:39,040 --> 00:44:41,090 what the future should be focused on. 706 00:44:45,920 --> 00:44:47,670 I believe that the worker of the future 707 00:44:47,670 --> 00:44:50,810 is one that is gonna have more choice, 708 00:44:50,810 --> 00:44:53,220 is because of five trends that we're seeing: 709 00:44:53,220 --> 00:44:56,990 mobility, globalization, technology, millennials 710 00:44:56,990 --> 00:45:00,430 and changing demographics, and new behaviors. 711 00:45:00,430 --> 00:45:02,220 All of these things are coming together 712 00:45:02,220 --> 00:45:04,970 to create a perfect storm which puts the power 713 00:45:04,970 --> 00:45:06,790 in the hands of the employee. 714 00:45:09,710 --> 00:45:12,350 Let's hope that, come 2050, 715 00:45:12,350 --> 00:45:16,700 we will all be able to seize that amazing opportunity. 716 00:45:20,950 --> 00:45:23,867 (inspiring music)