1 00:00:01,835 --> 00:00:03,768 Narrator: AROUND THE WORLD, THE RACE TO WIN WARS 2 00:00:03,770 --> 00:00:06,505 AND EXPLORE THE UNIVERSE HAS CREATED SOME OF THE MOST 3 00:00:06,507 --> 00:00:08,440 INCREDIBLE PRODUCTS EVER DESIGNED. 4 00:00:08,442 --> 00:00:10,175 AND WE USE THEM EVERY DAY, 5 00:00:10,177 --> 00:00:14,513 UNAWARE OF THEIR AMAZING ORIGINS. 6 00:00:14,515 --> 00:00:16,782 ON "INCREDIBLE INVENTIONS," 7 00:00:16,784 --> 00:00:20,185 THE GLIDER, AN AIRCRAFT WITH A BATTLEFIELD PEDIGREE, 8 00:00:25,059 --> 00:00:27,926 SUPER GLUE, HOW THE QUEST FOR BETTER GUN SIGHTS 9 00:00:27,928 --> 00:00:31,597 LEADS TO THE PERFECT DOMESTIC ADHESIVE. 10 00:00:31,599 --> 00:00:33,866 THE AGA OVEN, THE LUXURIOUS STOVE 11 00:00:33,868 --> 00:00:37,136 WITH A WORLD WAR II SPY CONNECTION. 12 00:00:37,138 --> 00:00:40,205 WE REVEAL THE AMAZING HISTORY AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE 13 00:00:40,207 --> 00:00:43,141 BEHIND THESE INCREDIBLE INVENTIONS. 14 00:00:43,143 --> 00:00:46,144 -- Captions by VITAC -- www.vitac.com 15 00:00:46,146 --> 00:00:49,148 CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS 16 00:01:01,829 --> 00:01:03,495 FLYING SILENTLY THROUGH THE AIR, 17 00:01:03,497 --> 00:01:05,730 THE MODERN GLIDER IS A TRANQUIL WAY 18 00:01:05,732 --> 00:01:09,168 TO ENJOY THE EXPERIENCE OF FLIGHT. 19 00:01:09,170 --> 00:01:10,635 BUT DID YOU KNOW THE GLIDER 20 00:01:10,637 --> 00:01:13,705 PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE DURING WORLD WAR II? 21 00:01:13,707 --> 00:01:16,174 FOR CENTURIES, MAN LOOKS TO THE SKIES 22 00:01:16,176 --> 00:01:17,910 AND DREAMS OF FLYING 23 00:01:17,912 --> 00:01:19,511 BUT HAS NO IDEA HOW. 24 00:01:19,513 --> 00:01:21,647 VARIOUS STRANGE AND WACKY CONTRAPTIONS 25 00:01:21,649 --> 00:01:23,916 ARE CREATED WITH LITTLE SUCCESS. 26 00:01:23,918 --> 00:01:27,252 ♪♪ 27 00:01:27,254 --> 00:01:29,855 EVEN GREAT MINDS SUCH AS LEONARDO DA VINCI 28 00:01:29,857 --> 00:01:32,057 ATTEMPTED TO DESIGN A FLYING MACHINE 29 00:01:32,059 --> 00:01:33,591 WITHOUT SUCCESS. 30 00:01:33,593 --> 00:01:37,529 TECHNICALLY, A GLIDER DOES TO REQUIRE AN ENGINE TO FLY. 31 00:01:37,531 --> 00:01:39,998 IT'S SUPPORTED IN FLIGHT BY THE REACTION OF AIR 32 00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:43,935 AGAINST ITS LIFTING SURFACES. 33 00:01:43,937 --> 00:01:45,804 THE FIRST GLIDERS TO CARRY PEOPLE 34 00:01:45,806 --> 00:01:47,739 ARE DESIGNED BY SIR GEORGE CAYLEY 35 00:01:47,741 --> 00:01:49,074 BETWEEN THE END OF THE 18th 36 00:01:49,076 --> 00:01:53,745 AND BEGINNING OF THE 19th CENTURIES. 37 00:01:53,747 --> 00:01:56,682 ALTHOUGH THEY ONLY MANAGE A FEW BRIEF HOPS IN THE AIR, 38 00:01:56,684 --> 00:02:00,952 THEY CERTAINLY PAVE THE WAY FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT. 39 00:02:00,954 --> 00:02:02,820 OTTO LILIENTHAL IS THE FIRST PERSON 40 00:02:02,822 --> 00:02:05,224 TO MAKE REPEATED SUCCESSFUL GLIDING FLIGHTS 41 00:02:05,226 --> 00:02:07,959 AT THE END OF THE 19th CENTURY 42 00:02:07,961 --> 00:02:10,295 AND CONVINCES THE PUBLIC THAT FLYING MACHINES 43 00:02:10,297 --> 00:02:13,165 MAY ONE DAY BECOME A REALITY. 44 00:02:13,167 --> 00:02:14,967 THEN IN THE EARLY 20th CENTURY 45 00:02:14,969 --> 00:02:17,969 COMES THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL HIGH-ALTITUDE GLIDER FLIGHT 46 00:02:17,971 --> 00:02:19,571 BY DANIEL MALONEY 47 00:02:19,573 --> 00:02:22,441 FOLLOWED BY THE WORK OF THE FAMOUS WRIGHT BROTHERS. 48 00:02:22,443 --> 00:02:25,110 BY THE 1930s, GLIDERS THAT RESEMBLE THE ONES 49 00:02:25,112 --> 00:02:27,846 WE KNOW TODAY ARE USED FOR SPORT. 50 00:02:27,848 --> 00:02:29,915 HOWEVER, THEY ALSO HAVE A BIG ROLE TO PLAY 51 00:02:29,917 --> 00:02:32,850 DURING WORLD WAR II. 52 00:02:32,852 --> 00:02:35,119 THE NAZIS TRAINING PILOTS FOR THE LUFTWAFFE, 53 00:02:35,121 --> 00:02:37,856 FORBIDDEN TO HAVE THE AIRCRAFT BY THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES, 54 00:02:37,858 --> 00:02:40,659 USED GLIDERS TO TRAIN THEIR PILOTS. 55 00:02:40,661 --> 00:02:42,260 THEN COME 1940, 56 00:02:42,262 --> 00:02:44,663 THE GERMANS WERE TOWING THEIR GLIDERS 57 00:02:44,665 --> 00:02:47,065 BEHIND THEIR TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT. 58 00:02:47,067 --> 00:02:49,535 THEY HAD 10 MEN. AND THEY USED THESE GLIDERS 59 00:02:49,537 --> 00:02:52,804 TO ATTACK EBEN-EMAEL, THE GREAT FORTRESS, 60 00:02:52,806 --> 00:02:55,139 AS THE BLITZKRIEG ROLLED THROUGH BELGIUM. 61 00:02:55,141 --> 00:02:56,808 AND THEY WERE VERY SUCCESSFUL. 62 00:02:56,810 --> 00:02:59,878 Narrator: THE ALLIES ALSO FIND AN IMPORTANT USE FOR GLIDERS 63 00:02:59,880 --> 00:03:02,814 BY CARRYING HEAVY EQUIPMENT AND TROOPS TO THEIR TARGETS 64 00:03:02,816 --> 00:03:04,950 WHILE LANDING QUIETLY. 65 00:03:04,952 --> 00:03:08,886 ♪♪ 66 00:03:08,888 --> 00:03:11,156 ALTHOUGH NO LONGER USED BY THE MILITARY TODAY, 67 00:03:11,158 --> 00:03:13,958 THIS VERSATILE AIRCRAFT STILL TAKES ON MANY FORMS 68 00:03:13,960 --> 00:03:15,960 FROM HANG GLIDERS TO SAILPLANES 69 00:03:15,962 --> 00:03:21,099 AND IS FLOWN BY THOUSANDS OF ENTHUSIASTS EVERYWHERE. 70 00:03:21,101 --> 00:03:24,369 PIPISTREL, A SLOVENIAN-BASED LIGHT-AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURER 71 00:03:24,371 --> 00:03:27,339 THAT HAS BEEN PRODUCING GLIDERS SINCE THE 1980s. 72 00:03:30,644 --> 00:03:31,843 THE PRODUCTION OF A GLIDER 73 00:03:31,845 --> 00:03:34,646 BEGINS WITH RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 74 00:03:34,648 --> 00:03:38,984 FIRST, 3-D MODELS OF THE AIRCRAFT ARE CREATED. 75 00:03:38,986 --> 00:03:40,585 THIS ALLOWS THE R&D TEAM 76 00:03:40,587 --> 00:03:42,788 TO RUN SIMULATIONS ON THE PLANES. 77 00:03:42,790 --> 00:03:44,790 TESTS INCLUDE VIRTUAL WIND TUNNELS, 78 00:03:44,792 --> 00:03:48,260 WHICH SHOW HOW AERODYNAMICALLY EFFECTIVE THE GLIDER WILL BE. 79 00:03:53,334 --> 00:03:55,267 THE SHAPE DEVELOPED IN THE R&D STAGE 80 00:03:55,269 --> 00:03:59,538 IS PROGRAMMED INTO AN EIGHT-AXIS CNC CUTTER. 81 00:03:59,540 --> 00:04:01,406 SOFT MATERIALS, SUCH AS POLYSTYRENE 82 00:04:01,408 --> 00:04:03,075 OR WOOD, ARE THEN CUT. 83 00:04:03,077 --> 00:04:06,812 THESE SHAPES CAN BE EITHER POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE. 84 00:04:06,814 --> 00:04:08,480 AN POSITIVE SHAPE CAN BE DIRECTLY USED 85 00:04:08,482 --> 00:04:10,415 TO FORM THE SHAPE OF THE AIRCRAFT. 86 00:04:10,417 --> 00:04:13,352 AND A NEGATIVE SHAPE IS USED AS A MOLD. 87 00:04:13,354 --> 00:04:14,553 THESE MOLDS AND SHAPES 88 00:04:14,555 --> 00:04:16,888 ARE THEN TURNED INTO REAL-LIFE AIRPLANES 89 00:04:16,890 --> 00:04:18,890 USING MANY COMPOSITE MATERIALS 90 00:04:18,892 --> 00:04:20,892 SUCH AS FIBERGLASS FOR THE WINGS 91 00:04:20,894 --> 00:04:22,894 AND CARBON FIBER FOR THE FUSELAGE. 92 00:04:22,896 --> 00:04:24,496 THE FUSELAGE IS ALSO REINFORCED 93 00:04:24,498 --> 00:04:26,898 WITH KEVLAR THAT PROTECTS THE GLIDER'S PASSENGERS 94 00:04:26,900 --> 00:04:28,700 BY PREVENTING THE CARBON FROM SHATTERING 95 00:04:28,702 --> 00:04:31,970 IN THE EVENT OF AN ACCIDENT. 96 00:04:31,972 --> 00:04:33,705 THE SANDING, PAINTING, AND SHAPING 97 00:04:33,707 --> 00:04:37,109 OF THE MOLD IS ALL DONE IN A VACUUM VENTILATION CHAMBER. 98 00:04:45,385 --> 00:04:46,651 THE TECHNICIANS THEN APPLY 99 00:04:46,653 --> 00:04:48,987 UP TO 30 LAYERS OF FIBER INTO THE MOLD 100 00:04:48,989 --> 00:04:50,255 OR ONTO THE SHAPE 101 00:04:50,257 --> 00:04:52,791 AND LAMINATE THIS WITH EPOXY RESIN. 102 00:04:52,793 --> 00:04:54,993 COMPOSITE MATERIALS, SUCH AS CARBON FIBER, 103 00:04:54,995 --> 00:04:56,595 ARE CREATED BY WEAVING CARBON 104 00:04:56,597 --> 00:04:58,730 OR GLASS FIBERS INTO A MAT 105 00:04:58,732 --> 00:05:00,799 THAT CAN BE EASILY MOLDED OR SHAPED. 106 00:05:00,801 --> 00:05:02,334 WHEN THE EPOXY RESIN IS APPLIED, 107 00:05:02,336 --> 00:05:05,671 THEY TURN INTO HARD AND STRONG REINFORCED MATERIALS 108 00:05:05,673 --> 00:05:07,873 WITH AN AMAZING WEIGHT-TO-STRENGTH RATIO, 109 00:05:07,875 --> 00:05:11,043 MAKING THEM IDEAL FOR AIRCRAFT SUCH AS GLIDERS. 110 00:05:14,548 --> 00:05:18,150 EVERY AIRCRAFT CONSISTS OF AROUND 5,000 DIFFERENT PARTS 111 00:05:18,152 --> 00:05:21,753 FROM OVER 400 SUPPLIERS. 112 00:05:21,755 --> 00:05:25,090 INSPECTIONS ARE VITAL. 113 00:05:25,092 --> 00:05:28,160 ALL PARTS ARE CHECKED ON ARRIVAL AND RECEIVE A BAR CODE. 114 00:05:32,299 --> 00:05:34,566 THESE BAR CODES ARE UNIQUE TO EACH PART 115 00:05:34,568 --> 00:05:36,568 AND EVEN CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION, 116 00:05:36,570 --> 00:05:38,070 SUCH AS THE WEIGHT. 117 00:05:46,980 --> 00:05:48,513 DURING THE FINAL ASSEMBLY, 118 00:05:48,515 --> 00:05:51,048 ALL THE SYSTEM AND SUBSYSTEMS OF THE AIRCRAFT 119 00:05:51,050 --> 00:05:53,118 ARE ASSEMBLED AND FITTED. 120 00:05:53,120 --> 00:05:55,319 THESE RANGE FROM PEDALS TO THE PARACHUTE 121 00:05:55,321 --> 00:05:57,122 RESCUE SYSTEM, AS WELL AS THE ENGINE, 122 00:05:57,124 --> 00:05:59,358 IN THE CASE OF SELF-PROPELLED GLIDERS. 123 00:06:05,199 --> 00:06:07,399 USING THE BAR CODES, A CENTRAL COMPUTER 124 00:06:07,401 --> 00:06:09,867 TOTALS UP THE WEIGHT ADDED BY EACH PART, 125 00:06:09,869 --> 00:06:12,537 ENSURING THE GLIDER WON'T BE OVER THE MAXIMUM TAKE-OFF WEIGHT 126 00:06:12,539 --> 00:06:14,639 OF 945 POUNDS. 127 00:06:17,010 --> 00:06:18,676 EVERY GLIDER IS CUSTOM ORDERED. 128 00:06:18,678 --> 00:06:22,013 SO THE EXACT COMPONENTS USED DIFFER ON EACH. 129 00:06:22,015 --> 00:06:23,948 THEY CAN RANGE FROM A FEW BASIC INSTRUMENTS, 130 00:06:23,950 --> 00:06:25,884 SUCH AS HEIGHT AND SPEED INDICATORS, 131 00:06:25,886 --> 00:06:28,152 TO MUCH MORE SOPHISTICATED EQUIPMENT. 132 00:06:28,154 --> 00:06:31,356 THE CUSTOMER CAN ALSO SPECIFY THE LOCATION OF EACH INSTRUMENT. 133 00:06:31,358 --> 00:06:34,159 SO THE WORKERS DRILL HOLES TO FIT THESE. 134 00:06:38,632 --> 00:06:39,965 AT THE END OF THE ASSEMBLY, 135 00:06:39,967 --> 00:06:43,168 ALL THE AIRCRAFT ARE GIVEN A FINAL GROUND CHECK. 136 00:06:43,170 --> 00:06:45,971 WHALES AND TALE SURFACES ARE FITTED TO THE FUSELAGE 137 00:06:45,973 --> 00:06:48,773 AND ALIGNED WITH LASER MEASUREMENTS. 138 00:06:48,775 --> 00:06:51,443 THE GLIDER'S WEIGHT IS COMPARED TO THE TOTAL WEIGHT COMPUTED 139 00:06:51,445 --> 00:06:53,111 FROM THE DIFFERENT BAR CODES. 140 00:06:55,648 --> 00:06:57,315 IF THIS WEIGHT IS ACCURATE, 141 00:06:57,317 --> 00:07:00,051 THE GLIDER CAN THEN BE TESTED. 142 00:07:00,053 --> 00:07:02,320 EACH AIRCRAFT IS FLOWN FOR AT LEAST 5 HOURS 143 00:07:02,322 --> 00:07:04,656 BY A HIGHLY TRAINED TEST PILOT. 144 00:07:04,658 --> 00:07:07,058 THESE PILOTS WILL PERFORM A WIDE RANGE OF TESTS 145 00:07:07,060 --> 00:07:09,995 TO ENSURE ALL SYSTEMS ARE WORKING CORRECTLY. 146 00:07:09,997 --> 00:07:11,662 THE AIRCRAFT IS THEN SERVICED AGAIN 147 00:07:11,664 --> 00:07:16,200 IN ORDER TO RETURN TO ITS ZERO-HOUR CONDITION. 148 00:07:16,202 --> 00:07:18,403 WHEN THIS IS COMPLETE, THE GLIDER IS READY 149 00:07:18,405 --> 00:07:20,805 TO BE SENT OFF TO THE SKIES. 150 00:07:20,807 --> 00:07:24,475 THE GLIDER, TRULY AN INCREDIBLE INVENTION. 151 00:07:24,477 --> 00:07:26,678 A SMASHED VASE OR BROKEN TOY? 152 00:07:26,680 --> 00:07:29,280 CHANCES ARE YOU'LL NEED SUPER GLUE. 153 00:07:29,282 --> 00:07:32,484 THE STORY OF THIS INCREDIBLE INVENTION AFTER THE BREAK. 154 00:07:45,098 --> 00:07:47,699 Narrator: THERE'S A GOOD CHANCE THAT AT SOME POINT IN YOUR LIFE, 155 00:07:47,701 --> 00:07:49,967 YOU'VE NEEDED TO USE SUPER GLUE. 156 00:07:49,969 --> 00:07:52,036 IT'S AN ESPECIALLY HANDY ADHESIVE TO USE 157 00:07:52,038 --> 00:07:53,572 ON A NUMBER OF BROKEN OBJECTS. 158 00:07:53,574 --> 00:07:56,641 WHILE SUPER GLUE, ALSO KNOWN AS CYANOACRYLATE, 159 00:07:56,643 --> 00:07:58,910 IS A COMMON HOUSEHOLD ITEM TODAY, 160 00:07:58,912 --> 00:08:01,379 HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED HOW IT WAS DEVELOPED? 161 00:08:01,381 --> 00:08:04,983 AND DID YOU KNOW THAT IT HAS A WORLD WAR II CONNECTION? 162 00:08:04,985 --> 00:08:09,120 ♪♪ 163 00:08:09,122 --> 00:08:10,522 ADHESIVES HAVE BEEN MADE 164 00:08:10,524 --> 00:08:13,791 FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS FROM BIRCH TAR. 165 00:08:13,793 --> 00:08:16,995 BUT WHAT ABOUT THE SUPER STICKY GLUE WE KNOW TODAY? 166 00:08:16,997 --> 00:08:18,529 LIKE SO MANY GREAT INVENTIONS, 167 00:08:18,531 --> 00:08:20,932 IT'S DISCOVERED BY ACCIDENT. 168 00:08:20,934 --> 00:08:24,135 IN 1942, THE SCIENTIST HARRY COOVER JR. 169 00:08:24,137 --> 00:08:28,340 RESEARCHES MATERIALS TO MAKE A CLEAR PLASTIC GUN SCOPE. 170 00:08:28,342 --> 00:08:31,142 IN THE PROCESS, HIS RESEARCH GROUP DISCOVERS A FORMULA 171 00:08:31,144 --> 00:08:32,744 FOR A VERY CLEAR SUBSTANCE 172 00:08:32,746 --> 00:08:35,547 THAT WOULD STICK TO ANYTHING AND EVERYTHING. 173 00:08:35,549 --> 00:08:37,415 ALTHOUGH IT CAN'T BE USED FOR THE SCOPE, 174 00:08:37,417 --> 00:08:41,553 COOVER NEVER FORGETS ABOUT HIS NEW ADHESIVE. 175 00:08:41,555 --> 00:08:43,288 BECAUSE IT WASN'T WHAT HE WAS LOOKING FOR, 176 00:08:43,290 --> 00:08:45,290 HE LEFT IT TO THE SIDE AND DIDN'T DO ANYTHING 177 00:08:45,292 --> 00:08:47,224 UNTIL ABOUT 1951 178 00:08:47,226 --> 00:08:50,695 WHEN KODAK, OF THE KODAK CAMERA FAME, 179 00:08:50,697 --> 00:08:52,097 REDISCOVERED IT AND REALIZED 180 00:08:52,099 --> 00:08:55,232 IT COULD ACTUALLY HAVE A POTENTIAL USE AS A GLUE. 181 00:08:55,234 --> 00:08:58,303 IN 1951, EASTMAN KODAK TOOK A LOOK AGAIN AT THIS PRODUCT 182 00:08:58,305 --> 00:09:01,039 THAT THEY HAD MADE AND DECIDED THAT THIS PRODUCT, 183 00:09:01,041 --> 00:09:02,440 WHICH STUCK TO EVERYTHING ELSE, 184 00:09:02,442 --> 00:09:05,844 COULD BE COMMERCIALIZED INTO A GLUE FOR COMMERCIAL USE 185 00:09:05,846 --> 00:09:09,381 WITHIN THE HOUSEHOLD AND POTENTIALLY OTHER USES. 186 00:09:09,383 --> 00:09:11,449 Narrator: THE PRODUCT THAT STICKS TO EVERYTHING 187 00:09:11,451 --> 00:09:14,919 FINALLY GETS TO MARKET IN 1958. 188 00:09:14,921 --> 00:09:16,320 NOW, LET'S HAVE A CLOSER LOOK 189 00:09:16,322 --> 00:09:19,257 AT THIS GAME-CHANGING ADHESIVE'S CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. 190 00:09:19,259 --> 00:09:21,392 CYANOACRYLATE CONSISTS OF MONOMERS 191 00:09:21,394 --> 00:09:23,595 OF CYANOACRYLATE MOLECULES. 192 00:09:23,597 --> 00:09:24,996 IT IS AN ACRYLIC RESIN 193 00:09:24,998 --> 00:09:27,398 THAT POLYMERIZES IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER, 194 00:09:27,400 --> 00:09:30,335 FORMING LONG CHAINS THAT BOND SURFACES TOGETHER. 195 00:09:30,337 --> 00:09:32,136 BECAUSE OF ITS REACTION TO MOISTURE, 196 00:09:32,138 --> 00:09:35,073 IT TURNS INTO PLASTIC IN JUST A FEW SECONDS. 197 00:09:35,075 --> 00:09:37,008 THAT REACTION IS WHAT MAKES THE SUPER GLUE 198 00:09:37,010 --> 00:09:38,410 MUCH MORE FAST-ACTING 199 00:09:38,412 --> 00:09:39,810 AND STRONGER THAN OTHERS. 200 00:09:39,812 --> 00:09:42,547 SUPER GLUE WORKS AND DOESN'T STICK TO ITSELF IN THE BOTTLE 201 00:09:42,549 --> 00:09:44,149 BECAUSE IT'S ACTUALLY A REACTION 202 00:09:44,151 --> 00:09:47,619 WITH THE CYANOACRYLATE AND WATER. 203 00:09:47,621 --> 00:09:49,887 AND THIS REACTION REQUIRES WATER TO WORK. 204 00:09:49,889 --> 00:09:52,690 IF YOU KEEP IT IN A BOTTLE THAT HAS NO WATER, IT WON'T WORK. 205 00:09:52,692 --> 00:09:55,026 IT'LL STILL SIT AS A LIQUID. 206 00:09:55,028 --> 00:09:58,095 THIS IS WHY IF YOU TAKE SUPER GLUE, 207 00:09:58,097 --> 00:09:59,364 PUT IT ON PLASTIC BAGS, 208 00:09:59,366 --> 00:10:02,033 SOME OF THE OLDER-STYLE ONES, AND STICK THEM TOGETHER, 209 00:10:02,035 --> 00:10:04,035 YOU CAN PULL THEM APART AFTER A FEW MINUTES 210 00:10:04,037 --> 00:10:06,971 BECAUSE THERE'S NO WATER ON THE SURFACE. 211 00:10:06,973 --> 00:10:10,575 Narrator: BUT DID YOU KNOW THAT SUPER GLUE HAS ALSO SAVED LIVES? 212 00:10:10,577 --> 00:10:12,710 IT'S TRUE. DURING THE VIETNAM WAR, 213 00:10:12,712 --> 00:10:14,979 SOLDIERS USED IT AS A QUICK-FIX SOLUTION 214 00:10:14,981 --> 00:10:16,981 FOR TENDING BATTLE WOUNDS. 215 00:10:16,983 --> 00:10:18,516 Gazard: THE ARMY USED SUPER GLUE 216 00:10:18,518 --> 00:10:21,653 TO STICK WOUNDS TOGETHER IN THE VIETNAM WAR. 217 00:10:21,655 --> 00:10:23,521 IT'S NOT ADVISABLE TO DO THIS. 218 00:10:23,523 --> 00:10:26,458 IT WAS USED AS A STOPGAP BECAUSE IN THE VIETNAM WAR, 219 00:10:26,460 --> 00:10:28,926 IF YOU WERE OUT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE JUNGLE AND WERE SHOT, 220 00:10:28,928 --> 00:10:30,661 THE MOST COMMON REASON 221 00:10:30,663 --> 00:10:32,797 FOR YOU TO DIE WAS BECAUSE YOU BLED OUT. 222 00:10:32,799 --> 00:10:34,933 IT WASN'T ACTUALLY THE ACTUAL INJURY ITSELF. 223 00:10:34,935 --> 00:10:37,334 SO YOU NEEDED A MEANS TO SORT OF CLOSE UP THE WOUND 224 00:10:37,336 --> 00:10:40,471 AND HOLD IT TOGETHER BEFORE THE OPERATION COULD BE DONE 225 00:10:40,473 --> 00:10:43,208 WHEN YOU WERE TRANSPORTED TO A BETTER MEDICAL CARE. 226 00:10:43,210 --> 00:10:45,543 DR. COOVER OF EASTMAN KODAK, 227 00:10:45,545 --> 00:10:48,012 HE WORKED OUT HOW TO APPLY IT AS A SPRAY. 228 00:10:48,014 --> 00:10:49,613 AND SPECIALLY TRAINED SURGICAL TEAMS 229 00:10:49,615 --> 00:10:52,350 WERE INVOLVED WITH USING THAT 230 00:10:52,352 --> 00:10:55,753 IN THE WAR TO SAVE LIVES. 231 00:10:55,755 --> 00:10:59,090 Narrator: AND THAT'S NOT THE ONLY INTERESTING SUPER GLUE STORY. 232 00:10:59,092 --> 00:11:01,292 THERE ARE SOME MISUSES OF SUPER GLUE. 233 00:11:01,294 --> 00:11:02,827 IF YOU REMEMBER THAT SUPER GLUE'S 234 00:11:02,829 --> 00:11:04,362 ACTUALLY VERY QUICK TO FORM THE BOND, 235 00:11:04,364 --> 00:11:06,097 SO YOU WANT IT TO GLUE FAST -- 236 00:11:06,099 --> 00:11:08,433 THERE WAS A CASINO GAMBLER WHO WENT INTO THE TOILETS, 237 00:11:08,435 --> 00:11:10,035 SAT DOWN TO DO HIS BUSINESS, 238 00:11:10,037 --> 00:11:11,770 AND FOUND THAT HE WAS STUCK TO THE SEAT 239 00:11:11,772 --> 00:11:13,972 BECAUSE SOMEONE HAD PUT SUPER GLUE ON THE SEAT. 240 00:11:13,974 --> 00:11:16,507 AND WHEN HE SAT DOWN, IT WASN'T VERY LONG, 241 00:11:16,509 --> 00:11:17,842 AND HE WAS STUCK TO THE SEAT. 242 00:11:17,844 --> 00:11:19,711 HE THEN HAD TO WANDER OUT INTO THE CASINO 243 00:11:19,713 --> 00:11:21,846 WITH PART OF THE TOILET ATTACHED TO HIM 244 00:11:21,848 --> 00:11:23,848 TO TRY TO GET SOME HELP. 245 00:11:23,850 --> 00:11:26,584 Narrator: MISHAPS ASIDE, WHEN SUPER GLUE IS USED CORRECTLY, 246 00:11:26,586 --> 00:11:30,254 THERE REALLY AREN'T MANY BETTER WAYS TO FIX THINGS FAST. 247 00:11:30,256 --> 00:11:32,190 VERY FEW ACCIDENTAL DISCOVERIES 248 00:11:32,192 --> 00:11:34,526 ARE SO SIMPLE YET SO VERSATILE. 249 00:11:34,528 --> 00:11:38,529 SUPER GLUE, THE INCREDIBLE INVENTION THAT STICKS. 250 00:11:38,531 --> 00:11:40,131 STICK AROUND, AND WE'LL SHOW YOU 251 00:11:40,133 --> 00:11:43,201 HOW SUPER GLUE CAN BE USED IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CRIME 252 00:11:43,203 --> 00:11:45,403 WHEN "INCREDIBLE INVENTIONS" RETURNS. 253 00:12:00,019 --> 00:12:02,620 Narrator: SUPER GLUE MAY HAVE AMAZING STICKING QUALITIES. 254 00:12:02,622 --> 00:12:05,890 BUT CAN IT HELP SOLVE CRIME? WELL, MAYBE. 255 00:12:05,892 --> 00:12:07,225 THERE'S BEEN A BURGLARY. 256 00:12:07,227 --> 00:12:10,895 BUT THE THIEF LEFT BEHIND SOME SUNGLASSES. 257 00:12:10,897 --> 00:12:12,430 WE CAN'T SEE ANY FINGERPRINTS. 258 00:12:12,432 --> 00:12:14,432 SO IT'S UP TO OUR INTREPID DETECTIVE 259 00:12:14,434 --> 00:12:18,102 TO FIND THE THIEF'S PRINTS USING A COFFEE PERCOLATOR 260 00:12:18,104 --> 00:12:20,304 AND THE POWER OF SUPER GLUE. 261 00:12:20,306 --> 00:12:22,506 IT'S CALLED FINGERPRINT FUMING. 262 00:12:22,508 --> 00:12:24,109 BUT HOW DOES IT ACTUALLY WORK? 263 00:12:24,111 --> 00:12:27,378 TO BEGIN, THE MATERIALS -- A COFFEE PERCOLATOR, 264 00:12:27,380 --> 00:12:28,847 A METAL TIN LID, 265 00:12:28,849 --> 00:12:32,783 A TUBE OF SUPER GLUE, AND THE THIEF'S SUNGLASSES. 266 00:12:32,785 --> 00:12:35,653 PLEASE REMEMBER THAT YOU SHOULDN'T REALLY DO THIS AT HOME 267 00:12:35,655 --> 00:12:39,057 AND THAT THE GLUE IS TOXIC AND CAN EASILY STICK TO SKIN. 268 00:12:39,059 --> 00:12:44,128 ♪♪ 269 00:12:44,130 --> 00:12:45,530 WE TAKE THE TIN LID, 270 00:12:45,532 --> 00:12:47,999 PLACE A FEW DROPS OF SUPER GLUE ONTO ITS SURFACE, 271 00:12:48,001 --> 00:12:51,669 AND CAREFULLY POP IT INTO THE POT. 272 00:12:51,671 --> 00:12:54,205 WE THEN ADD THE PIECE OF EVIDENCE TO THE POT -- 273 00:12:54,207 --> 00:12:55,673 IN THIS CASE, THE SUNGLASSES -- 274 00:12:55,675 --> 00:12:59,878 MAKING SURE IT DOESN'T TOUCH THE GLUE. 275 00:12:59,880 --> 00:13:02,080 NOW, WE TURN ON THE PERCOLATOR... 276 00:13:02,082 --> 00:13:04,349 ♪♪ 277 00:13:04,351 --> 00:13:07,018 ...SIT BACK, AND WAIT FOR THE RESULTS. 278 00:13:07,020 --> 00:13:08,686 YOU NEED TO BE PATIENT AS THE PERCOLATOR 279 00:13:08,688 --> 00:13:12,223 GENTLY WARMS UP THE CONTENTS OF THE COFFEE POT. 280 00:13:12,225 --> 00:13:14,358 WHILE WE WAIT, LET'S EXPLAIN THE SCIENCE 281 00:13:14,360 --> 00:13:15,960 BEHIND FINGERPRINT FUMING. 282 00:13:15,962 --> 00:13:17,361 THE HEAT IN THE COFFEE POT 283 00:13:17,363 --> 00:13:21,032 WILL EVENTUALLY CAUSE THE DROPS OF SUPER GLUE TO VAPORIZE. 284 00:13:21,034 --> 00:13:23,301 FINGERPRINTS ARE ACTUALLY COMPOSED OF SWEAT, 285 00:13:23,303 --> 00:13:25,904 AMINO ACIDS, FATTY ACIDS PROTEINS, 286 00:13:25,906 --> 00:13:27,638 POTASSIUM, AND SODIUM. 287 00:13:27,640 --> 00:13:30,775 AND THE GLUE IS HIGHLY ATTRACTED TO THESE SUBSTANCES. 288 00:13:30,777 --> 00:13:32,310 SO ITS FUMES STICK TO THE PRINTS 289 00:13:32,312 --> 00:13:34,512 AND WILL REVEAL THE TRACE OF THE PRINTS, 290 00:13:34,514 --> 00:13:36,915 OR SO WE HOPE. 291 00:13:36,917 --> 00:13:40,718 YOU CAN SEE THAT PROCESS IN ACTION. 292 00:13:40,720 --> 00:13:42,187 AND THERE YOU GO. 293 00:13:42,189 --> 00:13:45,857 WE CAN NOW FIND OUT WHO THE VILLAIN IS. 294 00:13:45,859 --> 00:13:49,327 SO LET'S GO GET HIM. 295 00:13:49,329 --> 00:13:50,862 EVERYBODY NEEDS TO COOK. 296 00:13:50,864 --> 00:13:54,599 BUT SOME ENJOY IT MORE THAN OTHERS. 297 00:13:54,601 --> 00:13:55,933 WHICHEVER CAMP YOU'RE IN, 298 00:13:55,935 --> 00:13:58,469 LET'S AGREE THAT IT CAN SOMETIMES BE, 299 00:13:58,471 --> 00:13:59,938 WELL, TRYING. 300 00:13:59,940 --> 00:14:02,139 LUCKILY, KITCHEN APPLIANCES HAVE EVOLVED TO MAKE 301 00:14:02,141 --> 00:14:05,476 THE COOKING EXPERIENCE MORE ENJOYABLE AND EASIER. 302 00:14:05,478 --> 00:14:07,612 BUT DID YOU KNOW ONE KITCHEN INVENTION 303 00:14:07,614 --> 00:14:10,548 COMES FROM A MISHAP DURING A SCIENCE EXPERIMENT 304 00:14:10,550 --> 00:14:14,885 AND IS LATER USED BY A WORLD WAR II SPY? 305 00:14:14,887 --> 00:14:18,956 THIS IS THE AGA OVEN. 306 00:14:18,958 --> 00:14:21,025 THE AGA IS ONE OF THE GREATEST REVOLUTIONS 307 00:14:21,027 --> 00:14:24,161 IN KITCHEN APPLIANCES DURING THE 20th CENTURY. 308 00:14:24,163 --> 00:14:28,299 ITS INVENTOR, NOBEL PRIZE-WINNER GUSTAF DáLEN, IS BLINDED IN 1912 309 00:14:28,301 --> 00:14:30,835 WHEN A PRESSURE TEST GOES TRAGICALLY WRONG. 310 00:14:30,837 --> 00:14:32,636 AFTER THE ACCIDENT, DáLEN UNDERGOES 311 00:14:32,638 --> 00:14:34,772 A LONG PERIOD OF RECOVERY AT HOME 312 00:14:34,774 --> 00:14:37,241 WITH HIS WIFE BY HIS SIDE. 313 00:14:37,243 --> 00:14:40,111 HE REALIZES HOW EXHAUSTING COOKING IS FOR HER. 314 00:14:40,113 --> 00:14:43,114 DESPITE HIS BLINDNESS, HE RESOLVES TO DESIGN A STOVE 315 00:14:43,116 --> 00:14:44,582 THAT WILL MAKE THE JOB EASIER. 316 00:14:44,584 --> 00:14:47,118 HE ASKS HIS WIFE WHAT THE PROBLEMS WERE IN THE HOUSEHOLD. 317 00:14:47,120 --> 00:14:48,653 AND SHE SAID, WELL, THE FACT 318 00:14:48,655 --> 00:14:50,521 SHE'S ALWAYS GOT TO TEND TO THE RANGE COOKER. 319 00:14:50,523 --> 00:14:52,122 I MEAN, WORKING ON A RANGE COOKER, 320 00:14:52,124 --> 00:14:54,725 EVEN IF YOU'RE DOING IT TODAY, IT IS A FULL-TIME JOB. 321 00:14:54,727 --> 00:14:57,595 YOU HAVE TO KEEP IT KIND OF FIRED WITH COAL. 322 00:14:57,597 --> 00:15:00,064 YOU HAVE TO WATCH FOR TEMPERATURE CONSTANTLY. 323 00:15:00,066 --> 00:15:04,269 SO HE HAD BEEN WORKING ON "RADIAL HEAT" 324 00:15:04,271 --> 00:15:07,138 AND CAME UP WITH THIS DESIGN FOR AN OVEN 325 00:15:07,140 --> 00:15:08,939 WHICH WOULD CONTAIN THE HEAT, 326 00:15:08,941 --> 00:15:10,941 WHICH, ONCE THE HEAT WAS IN IT, WOULD STAY THERE 327 00:15:10,943 --> 00:15:12,943 AND STAY AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURES. 328 00:15:12,945 --> 00:15:14,812 SO THIS IS WHERE THE AGA CAME FROM. 329 00:15:14,814 --> 00:15:18,149 IT WAS THE FIRST, LIKE, RADIAL HEAT OVEN. 330 00:15:18,151 --> 00:15:20,417 Narrator: DáLEN DEVELOPS A UNIT WITH TWO OVENS 331 00:15:20,419 --> 00:15:22,153 AND FOUR STOVE PLATES. 332 00:15:22,155 --> 00:15:26,024 THE AGA IS INVENTED. 333 00:15:26,026 --> 00:15:28,425 IT'S INTRODUCED IN ENGLAND DURING THE 1930s 334 00:15:28,427 --> 00:15:32,897 UNDER AGA RAYBURN AND STANLEY BRANDS. 335 00:15:32,899 --> 00:15:36,100 AT FIRST, PEOPLE USED CHARCOAL FOR STEADY HEAT. 336 00:15:36,102 --> 00:15:38,035 AND SOON ENOUGH, THE OVEN BECOMES POPULAR 337 00:15:38,037 --> 00:15:40,805 FOR ELITE HOUSEHOLDS AT THE TIME. 338 00:15:40,807 --> 00:15:42,440 AND ITS CONNECTION TO WORLD WAR II? 339 00:15:42,442 --> 00:15:45,576 MASTER ADVERTISER DAVID OGILVY BEGINS SELLING AGAs 340 00:15:45,578 --> 00:15:46,911 DURING HIS EARLY 20s 341 00:15:46,913 --> 00:15:49,113 AND QUICKLY MAKES QUITE A NAME FOR HIMSELF. 342 00:15:49,115 --> 00:15:50,648 WHEN WORLD WAR II BREAKS OUT, 343 00:15:50,650 --> 00:15:52,249 OGILVY FINDS HIMSELF WORKING 344 00:15:52,251 --> 00:15:54,052 FOR BRITISH INTELLIGENCE IN THE U.S. 345 00:15:54,054 --> 00:15:55,853 AND IT'S THE FORMER AGA SALESMAN'S 346 00:15:55,855 --> 00:15:58,189 GROUND-BREAKING RESEARCH INTO HUMAN BEHAVIOR 347 00:15:58,191 --> 00:16:00,190 THAT IS ADOPTED BY ALLIED SPIES 348 00:16:00,192 --> 00:16:04,194 ALL OVER EUROPE DURING THE WAR. 349 00:16:04,196 --> 00:16:06,330 TODAY, THE AGA OVEN IS STILL SEEN 350 00:16:06,332 --> 00:16:09,067 AS A SYMBOL OF STYLE AND LUXURY EVERYWHERE. 351 00:16:09,069 --> 00:16:11,736 VERY FEW APPLIANCES HAVE HAD THE SAME LASTING IMPACT 352 00:16:11,738 --> 00:16:13,337 ON THE WAY WE COOK. 353 00:16:13,339 --> 00:16:14,805 AND FOR THAT REASON ALONE, 354 00:16:14,807 --> 00:16:17,941 IT REALLY IS AN INCREDIBLE INVENTION. 355 00:16:17,943 --> 00:16:20,812 ♪♪ 356 00:16:20,814 --> 00:16:23,013 BUT JUST HOW IS SUCH AN INCREDIBLE INVENTION 357 00:16:23,015 --> 00:16:24,748 LIKE THE AGA OVEN BUILT? 358 00:16:24,750 --> 00:16:26,784 FIND OUT WHEN WE RETURN. 359 00:16:40,633 --> 00:16:43,568 Narrator: AT THE COALBROOKDALE FOUNDRY IN SHROPSHIRE, ENGLAND, 360 00:16:43,570 --> 00:16:45,436 THE PROCESS OF BUILDING THE AGA 361 00:16:45,438 --> 00:16:48,639 BEGINS WITH FULLY RECYCLED AND RECLAIMED SCRAP IRON, 362 00:16:48,641 --> 00:16:51,375 SUCH THINGS AS BRAKE DISKS AND CAST COLUMNS 363 00:16:51,377 --> 00:16:53,478 AND EVEN OLD AGAs THEMSELVES. 364 00:16:53,480 --> 00:16:56,180 THE SCRAP IS COLLECTED, MIXED WITH ALLOY ELEMENTS, 365 00:16:56,182 --> 00:16:58,850 AND FED INTO THE FURNACE WITH COAL FUEL 366 00:16:58,852 --> 00:17:03,921 TO REACH TEMPERATURES OF MORE THAN 3,000 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT. 367 00:17:03,923 --> 00:17:07,925 THE FURNACE CAN MELT 5 TONS OF CAST IRON PER HOUR. 368 00:17:07,927 --> 00:17:09,794 ONCE MELTED, THE MOLTEN IRON 369 00:17:09,796 --> 00:17:13,598 IS TAKEN TO TWO OF THE LINES IN A CONTAINER OR LARGE LADLE. 370 00:17:13,600 --> 00:17:18,469 ♪♪ 371 00:17:18,471 --> 00:17:19,604 THE MOLTEN IRON INSIDE 372 00:17:19,606 --> 00:17:23,408 IS STILL AT A BLISTERING 2,500 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT. 373 00:17:25,745 --> 00:17:28,412 USING A MIXTURE OF SAND, CLAY, AND WATER, 374 00:17:28,414 --> 00:17:31,615 THE MOLDING MACHINE CAN CREATE MOLDS OF ANY OVEN PART, 375 00:17:31,617 --> 00:17:33,684 DOOR FRONT, OR TOP. 376 00:17:33,686 --> 00:17:36,087 ♪♪ 377 00:17:36,089 --> 00:17:38,422 THE MOLDING MACHINE MAKES SAND MOLD NEGATIVES 378 00:17:38,424 --> 00:17:40,491 OF A PATTERN, WHICH ARE THEN SPLIT IN HALF 379 00:17:40,493 --> 00:17:42,726 SO THAT WHEN THE TWO HALVES ARE PUT TOGETHER, 380 00:17:42,728 --> 00:17:47,364 THEY CREATE A CAVITY FOR THE MOLTEN METAL TO BE POURED INTO. 381 00:17:47,366 --> 00:17:48,832 THE TWO HALVES ARE CLAMPED TOGETHER 382 00:17:48,834 --> 00:17:50,835 AND SENT ALONG THE PRODUCTION LINE, 383 00:17:50,837 --> 00:17:52,236 WHERE THE MOLTEN METAL IS POURED 384 00:17:52,238 --> 00:17:54,438 BY AN AUTO-POUR FURNACE. 385 00:17:54,440 --> 00:17:56,640 ♪♪ 386 00:17:56,642 --> 00:17:58,109 ONCE THE MOLD HAS BEEN FILLED, 387 00:17:58,111 --> 00:17:59,910 IT IS MOVED ALONG THE CONVEYOR BELT, 388 00:17:59,912 --> 00:18:03,514 WHERE THE METAL INSIDE QUICKLY COOLS. 389 00:18:03,516 --> 00:18:04,782 ONCE COOLED SUFFICIENTLY, 390 00:18:04,784 --> 00:18:07,318 IT IS TIME TO RETRIEVE THE CASTINGS. 391 00:18:09,655 --> 00:18:11,788 EACH MOLD IS SENT DOWN THE VIBRATING GRID, 392 00:18:11,790 --> 00:18:16,660 BREAKING OPEN THE SAND MOLD, AND THE CASTINGS ARE REVEALED. 393 00:18:16,662 --> 00:18:18,663 THEY ARE INSPECTED, AND ANY REMAINING MOLD 394 00:18:18,665 --> 00:18:21,132 IS BROKEN OFF BY HAND, THEN PLACED INTO BINS 395 00:18:21,134 --> 00:18:24,068 TO COOL DOWN FURTHER TO ROOM TEMPERATURE. 396 00:18:24,070 --> 00:18:27,705 ♪♪ 397 00:18:27,707 --> 00:18:30,341 THE FRESH CASTINGS ARE SENT TO A SHOT BLAST, 398 00:18:30,343 --> 00:18:32,610 WHERE STEEL SHOT IS FIRED AT THE CASTINGS 399 00:18:32,612 --> 00:18:36,147 TO REMOVE ANY REMAINING SAND PARTICLES. 400 00:18:36,149 --> 00:18:39,617 THE BRAND-NEW OVEN PARTS ARE SENT TO A WORKSHOP ON-SITE. 401 00:18:39,619 --> 00:18:42,019 THERE, USING HAND-HELD AND PEDESTAL GRINDERS, 402 00:18:42,021 --> 00:18:44,489 WORKERS REMOVE ANY BLEMISHES AND ROUGH EDGES 403 00:18:44,491 --> 00:18:47,558 TO GIVE THE OVEN PARTS A NICE, SMOOTH FINISH. 404 00:18:47,560 --> 00:18:51,696 ♪♪ 405 00:18:51,698 --> 00:18:54,632 THE FINISHED PARTS ARE THEN SENT TO THE TELFORD FACTORY, 406 00:18:54,634 --> 00:18:55,832 WHERE THEY ARE PREPARED 407 00:18:55,834 --> 00:18:58,703 FOR AGA's FAMOUS ENAMEL FINISH AND ASSEMBLY. 408 00:19:00,907 --> 00:19:02,372 THE CAST-IRON PARTS ARE COATED 409 00:19:02,374 --> 00:19:05,309 WITH A PRIMARY UNDERCOAT AND TRANSPARENT ENAMEL, 410 00:19:05,311 --> 00:19:07,845 WHICH WILL PROTECT THE PIECES IN THE FURNACE. 411 00:19:07,847 --> 00:19:10,581 ENAMEL IS MADE UP OF TINY PARTICLES OF GLASS 412 00:19:10,583 --> 00:19:12,716 AND IS SPRAYED ONTO THE CAST IRON. 413 00:19:12,718 --> 00:19:16,154 IT IS THEN BAKED IN A FURNACE UNTIL IT IS RED-HOT. 414 00:19:18,524 --> 00:19:22,125 THIS FUSES THE ENAMEL ONTO THE CAST IRON, 415 00:19:22,127 --> 00:19:24,395 A PROCESS THAT IS REPEATED THREE TIMES 416 00:19:24,397 --> 00:19:26,864 TO PRODUCE A SMOOTH, HIGH-GLOSS FINISH, 417 00:19:26,866 --> 00:19:30,067 WHICH IS VERY EASY TO KEEP CLEAN. 418 00:19:30,069 --> 00:19:32,136 THE DOOR PARTS AND TOPS ARE ALL COLOR-MATCHED 419 00:19:32,138 --> 00:19:35,273 FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL MODULE. 420 00:19:35,275 --> 00:19:38,475 NEXT, IT IS ON TO THE ASSEMBLY LINE. 421 00:19:38,477 --> 00:19:40,611 THE FINISHED OVEN PARTS ARE BOLTED TOGETHER. 422 00:19:40,613 --> 00:19:43,080 AND HEAT-PROOF SEALANT IS USED TO LINE THE EDGES 423 00:19:43,082 --> 00:19:44,681 OF EACH COMPONENT. 424 00:19:44,683 --> 00:19:48,418 ♪♪ 425 00:19:48,420 --> 00:19:50,087 THE OVEN STARTS TO TAKE SHAPE 426 00:19:50,089 --> 00:19:54,024 AS ALL THE UNITS ARE FITTED INTO PLACE. 427 00:19:54,026 --> 00:19:56,560 THE TWO HOT PLATES, WHICH SIT AT THE TOP OF THE OVEN, 428 00:19:56,562 --> 00:19:58,428 ARE FITTED WITH INSULATED CAST IRON 429 00:19:58,430 --> 00:20:00,231 AND CHROME LIDS TO STOP THE WARMTH 430 00:20:00,233 --> 00:20:04,368 FROM ESCAPING THE COOKER WHEN NOT IN USE. 431 00:20:04,370 --> 00:20:06,370 THE HEATING ELEMENTS, GAS OR ELECTRIC, 432 00:20:06,372 --> 00:20:10,374 ARE FIXED ON THE INSIDE. 433 00:20:10,376 --> 00:20:13,043 THE OVENS ARE THEN INSULATED WITH SILICATE WOOL 434 00:20:13,045 --> 00:20:15,513 BEFORE THE ENAMELED OUTER SHELL IS FITTED. 435 00:20:18,451 --> 00:20:20,918 AND FINALLY, THE FAMOUS ENAMEL DOORS ARE ADDED 436 00:20:20,920 --> 00:20:23,053 TO COMPLETE THE OVEN BEFORE IT IS INSPECTED 437 00:20:23,055 --> 00:20:26,657 AND TESTED PRIOR TO PACKAGING AND SENT OFF TO THE CUSTOMER. 438 00:20:28,994 --> 00:20:32,496 THE AGA OVEN, A REAL INCREDIBLE INVENTION. 439 00:20:35,935 --> 00:20:38,936 SO THERE YOU HAVE IT -- A GLANCE THROUGH THE HIDDEN HISTORY 440 00:20:38,938 --> 00:20:41,338 AND SUPER SCIENCE OF SOME AMAZING PRODUCTS 441 00:20:41,340 --> 00:20:44,341 WE USE EVERY DAY -- THE GLIDER, 442 00:20:44,343 --> 00:20:47,611 SUPER GLUE, AND THE AGA OVEN. 443 00:20:47,613 --> 00:20:49,480 THEY MAY SEEM COMMON AND ORDINARY. 444 00:20:49,482 --> 00:20:51,815 HOWEVER, THESE PRODUCTS HELPED CHANGE THE WORLD 445 00:20:51,817 --> 00:20:54,752 ONE INCREDIBLE INVENTION AT A TIME.